It is widely believed that the results in Duffie and Kan (1996) provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for a multifactor model of the term structure of interest rates to admit an affine representation. It is shown here that, in fact, only sufficient conditions are given by Duffie and Kan, and there are families of affine models that do not fall into the Duffie-Kan characterisation. A m...

The nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nbm)-lesioned rat is considered to be a model of the cholinergic dysfunction observed in the cerebral cortices of Alzheimer's disease patients. The cholinergic markers, acetylcholine release and choline acetyltransferase activity, were decreased in the cerebral cortex of the nbm-lesioned rat. Kangenkaryu (KAN), a Chinese traditional medicine, is a typical pr...

We present a cubical type theory based on the Cartesian cube category (faces, degeneracies, symmetries, diagonals, but no connections or reversal) with univalent universes, each containing Π, Σ, path, identity, natural number, boolean, pushout, and glue (equivalence extension) types. The type theory includes a syntactic description of a uniform Kan operation, along with judgemental equality rul...

Idag finns det säkra och effektiva behandlingar mot många sjukdomar. Läkemedel är den vanligaste behandlingsformen i sjukvården och under 2006 hämtade sex miljoner svenskar (68%) ut ett eller fler recept på ett apotek i Sverige. Även om läkemedelsbehandling har många positiva effekter kan även oönskade och skadliga effekter vid läkemedelsbehandling uppkomma, dvs. läkemedelsbiverkningar. Innan e...

With a sharp increase in the cases of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria all over the world, there is a huge demand to develop a new generation of antibiotic agents to fight them. As an alternative to the traditional drug discovery route, we have designed an effective antibacterial agent by modifying an existing commercial antibiotic, kanamycin, conjugated on the surface of gold nanoparticles ...

A strain of Escherichia coli with the fol gene deleted and a kan gene inserted in its place was created for use in cloning and isolation of mutant dihydrofolate reductase. Southern blot analysis and dihydrofolate reductase enzyme assays confirmed the delta fol::kan genotype. A thyA mutation accompanied the fol deletion and is required for survival of a dihydrofolate reductase-deficient strain.

The categorical concept of Kan extensions form a more general notion of both limits and adjoints. The general definition of Kan extensions is given and motivated by several concrete examples. After providing the necessary background on some basic categorical objects and theorems, the relationship between Kan extensions, limits, and adjoints is expressed through two theorems from [3]. 1. Some Pr...

Bacterial strains and growth conditions All strains used in this study are derivatives of the E.coli K-12 strains W3110 (Hayashi et al. 2006) or MC4100 (Casadaban 1976). While curli production is similar in the two strains, only W3110 is motile, but MC4100 is non-motile as it carries an insertion of a T between nucleotide 123 and 124 in flhD (an allele previously termed flbB5301; Fig. S1). Muta...

Molecular diagnostic assays, with their ability to rapidly detect resistance-associated mutations in bacterial genes, are promising technologies to control the spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). Sequencing assays provide detailed information for specific gene regions and can help diagnostic assay developers prioritize mutations for inclusion in their assays. We performed pyrosequenc...

Antibiotics are widely used and their abuse has caused ecological hazard. Recently, pollution from pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has aroused great concern among governments and researchers. In order to elucidate the correlations among molecular structure, transmembrane distribution and toxicological effects of different kinds of antibiotics, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos ...