Vertebrate locomotor circuitry contains distinct classes of ventral spinal cord neurons which each have particular functional properties. While we know some of the genes expressed by each of these cell types, we do not yet know how several of these neurons are specified. Here, we investigate the functions of Tal1, Gata2a, and Gata3 transcription factors in the development of two of these popula...

The electrophysiological effects produced by different concentrations of kainic acid (KA) were studied by utilizing intracellular recordings from neostriatal slices. In most of the recorded cells (81%), concentrations of KA ranging between 10 and 300 nM produced reversible and dose-dependent membrane depolarizations. Higher concentrations of this agonist caused larger depolarizations and change...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK) is regarded as the treatment of choice for type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and kidney dysfunction, despite the morbidity associated with pancreas transplantation. These morbidities often influence selection of SPK versus living-donor kidney alone (LD KA) transplant. This study quantifies the impact of pancreas graft function on...

In the present study, the role of kainate (KA) receptors in hypnosis and analgesia induced by emulsified inhalation anesthetics was investigated. A mouse model of hypnosis and analgesia was established by an intraperitoneal injection of emulsified enflurane, isoflurane or sevoflurane. We intracerebroventricularly (icv) or intrathecally (it) administered KA, a KA receptor agonist to mice. The ef...

As components of the apoptosome, a caspase-activating complex, cytochrome c (Cyt c) and Apaf-1 are thought to play critical roles during apoptosis. Due to the obligate function of Cyt c in electron transport, its requirement for apoptosis in animals has been difficult to establish. We generated "knockin" mice expressing a mutant Cyt c (KA allele), which retains normal electron transfer function...

This article presents Eutelsat European Ka-band implementation of the broadband ToowayTM service and its evolution through a dedicated Ka-band exclusive satellite (KA-SAT). It also explains Eutelsat’s choice in selecting the Ka-band for interactive services, broadcast video and IPTV services, demonstrating the optimal consumer service synergy between existing Ku-band and new Ka-band services. K...

Recently, Dario Fiore and Rosario Gennaro proposed the IB-KA protocol, which was inspired by MQV protocol. They provide a full proof of security of IB-KA protocol using techniques developed by Krawczyk in the Canetti-Krawczyk model. They designed the IB-KA protocol with some security properties such as perfect forward secrecy, reflection attack resilience, and key compromise impersonation resil...

To determine the possible role of cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase pathway in the regulation of proenkephalin (proENK) and prodynorphin (proDYN) gene expression induced by kainic acid (KA) in rat hippocampus, the effects of esculetin, aspirin, or phenidone on the seizure activity, proENK and proDYN mRNA levels, and the level of fos-related antigene (Fra) protein induced by KA in rat hippocampus were...

Kainate (KA) receptors are expressed widely in the CNS. However, little is known about their functional characterization, molecular identity, and role in synaptic transmission in the forebrain of adult mice. Patch-clamp recordings in genetically modified mice show that postsynaptic KA receptors contribute to fast synaptic transmission in pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC),...