article 905 & 949 of iran civil code says that: if there is no inheritor other than husband, he takes all inheritance; but according to article 949: if a wife is sole heir, she takes her portion, that is one fourth, and the reminder will be regarded heirless and encountered according to article 866. this discrimination between wife and husband is based on the famous opinion of shiite jurisprude...

the concept of dhimma and ‘uhda (obligation and undertaking) comprises one of the very important subdivisions of commitments in shī‘a jurisprudence. the application of these two terms is very common in legal texts, both in discourses on devotional acts and the discourses concerning transactions (including transactions in specific sense and delictual liability - ḍimān). some contemporary jurispr...

business of goods is one of the necessities of social life. man has produced the money to facilitate the business, which simultaneously with the development of social and economic life has taken different forms. intrinsic value of some money and relative value of the other and the role of the inflation in decrease in value of money cause the different religious commandments. that is why, for co...

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amongst imami scholors, sharif murtadā is one of the first jurists who created some books in genre of comparative jurisprudence. amongst his books in this genre, the most important after  intisar is masail al- nāşiriyyāt which is composed to explain and sometimes criticize the legal positions of his great grandfather (from his mother side), namely naşir uţrūşh. this essay concerns to study the ...

theft is considered to be one of the most ancient crimes against properties and ownership to which human societies have engaged for a very long time. this crime has been intensively punished every time and everywhere and the people who committed such a crime have been treated with many kinds of heavy punishments. in any case, in many law systems theft from relatives is treated in a friendly way...