a generalized heckman model is used for the joint modeling of longitudinal continuousresponses and dropout in order to see the influence of a small perturbation of the elements of thecovariance structure on displacement of the likelihood. the perturbation from random dropout in thedirection of informative dropout is considered for mastitis data.

Background: IGF-1 and certain other cytokines have been shown to exert inflammatory/anti-inflammatory roles in chronic joint diseases. Objective: To assess the effect of IGF-1, IL-27 and IL-35, their interaction and their receptor expression in a rheumatoid arthritis model. Methods: Freund’s adjuvant-induced chronic joint inflammation was operated on 160 male rats. Animals were divided into his...

background: in this feasibility study, a mechanically loaded in-vitro tissue culture model of joint morphogenesis using the isolated lower extremity of the 8 day old chick embryo was developed to assess the effects of mechanical loading on joint morphogenesis. methods: the developed in-vitro system allows controlled flexion and extension of the chick embryonic knee with a range of motion of 20 ...

In this paper‎, ‎the impacts of premium bounds of put option contracts on the operation of put option and day-ahead electricity markets are studied‎. ‎To this end‎, ‎first a comprehensive equilibrium model for a joint put option and day-ahead markets is presented‎. ‎Interaction between put option and day-ahead markets‎, ‎uncertainty in fuel price, impact of premium bounds, and elasticity of con...

The main objective of this article is to optimize the walking pattern of a 2D humanoid robot with heel-off and toe-off motions in order to minimize the energy consumption and maximize the stability margin. To this end, at first, a gait planning method is introduced based on the ankle and hip joint position trajectories. Then, using these trajectories and the inverse kinematics, the position tra...

background: despite some successful dynamic simulation of self-impact double pendulum (sidp)-as humanoid robots legs or arms- studies, there is limited information available about the control of one leg locomotion. objective   : the main goal of this research is to improve the reliability of the mammalians leg locomotion and building more elaborated models close to the natural movements, by mod...