This article investigates the codimension of commutator spaces [I, B(H)] of operator ideals on a separable Hilbert space, i.e., “How many traces can an ideal support?” We conjecture that the codimension can be only zero, one, or infinity. Using the arithmetic mean (am) operations on ideals introduced in [13] and the analogous arithmetic mean operations at infinity (am-∞) that we develop extensi...

In our real life, bipolar fuzzy theory is a core feature to be considered: positive information represents what is possible or preferred, while negative information represents what is forbidden or surely false. In this paper, we provide a general algebraic framework for handling bipolar information by combining the theory of bipolar fuzzy sets with hemirings. First, we present the concepts of b...

Let L(H) be the ring of bounded operators on a separable Hubert space. Assuming the continuum hypothesis, we prove that in L(H) every two-sided ideal that contains an operator of infinite rank is the sum of two smaller two-sided ideals. The proof involves a new combinatorial description of ideals of L(H). This description is also used to deduce some related results about decompositions of ideal...

the purpose of this paper is to study matrix hemiring $s_{2}$ via fuzzy subsets and fuzzy $h$-ideals.

Let $L$ be a completely regular frame and $mathcal{R}L$ be the ‎ring of continuous real-valued functions on $L$‎. ‎We show that the‎ ‎lattice $Zid(mathcal{R}L)$ of $z$-ideals of $mathcal{R}L$ is a‎ ‎normal coherent Yosida frame‎, ‎which extends the corresponding $C(X)$‎ ‎result of Mart'{i}nez and Zenk‎. ‎This we do by exhibiting‎ ‎$Zid(mathcal{R}L)$ as a quotient of $Rad(mathcal{R}L)$‎, ‎the‎ ‎...

Let H be a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra. We study the behaviour of primitive and maximal ideals in certain types of ring extensions determined by H . The main focus is on the class of faithfully flat Galois extensions, which includes includes smash and crossed products. It is shown how analogous results can be obtained for the larger class of extensions possessing a total integral, which inc...

The Springer variety SX is defined to be the set of flags stabilized by a nilpotent operator X. Springer varieties can be generalized to a two-parameter family of varieties called Hessenberg varieties H(X, h), defined by a nilpotent operator X and a certain step function h (or equivalently, a Dyck path). In 1992, Garsia-Procesi gave a presentation of the cohomology ring H(SX) as the polynomial ...

Starting from a unified treatment of uncertainty by combining probability and fuzzy set theory [1], Goodman [2] put forward the equivalence between a fuzzy set and a class of random sets. Falling shadow representation theory was established based on the collection of Wang and Sanchez [3], which is directly related to the concept of probabilistic fuzzy set membership function. The theory shows t...