A variety of techniques were used to investigate flax yarns sampled from four selected Italian paintings on canvas dated between the 17th and 18th centuries compare them with a modern yarn. The goal was establish their state preservation highlight critical issues thanks combined approach that SEM, atomic force microscopy, nanoindentation, nuclear magnetic resonance, second harmonic generation i...

Paintings have high cultural and commercial value, so that needs to be preserved. Many techniques have been attempted to analyze properties of paintings, including X-ray analysis and optical coherence tomography (OCT) methods, and enable conservation of paintings from forgeries. In this paper, we suggest a simple and accurate optical analysis system to protect them from counterfeit which is com...

Several studies have investigated neural correlates of aesthetic appreciation for paintings but to date the findings have been heterogeneous. This heterogeneity may be attributed to previous studies' measurement of aesthetic appreciation of not only the beauty of paintings but also the beauty of motifs of the paintings. In order to better elucidate the beauty of paintings, it seems necessary to...

Paintings are the product of a process that begins with ordinary vision in the natural world and ends with manipulation of pigments on canvas. Because artists must produce images that can be seen by a visual system that is thought to take advantage of statistical regularities in natural scenes, artists are likely to replicate many of these regularities in their painted art. We have tested this ...

The purpose of this Essay is threefold. First, to describe the Italian reform in electricity markets, comparing the models of liberalization and privatization followed by the Italian legislator with the British and French experiences. Second, to analyze the structure of the Italian electricity industry, which arose from the reform, and to study its effects in terms of increased competition from...

An {em Italian dominating function} on a digraph $D$ with vertex set $V(D)$ is defined as a function$fcolon V(D)to {0, 1, 2}$ such that every vertex $vin V(D)$ with $f(v)=0$ has at least two in-neighborsassigned 1 under $f$ or one in-neighbor $w$ with $f(w)=2$. A set ${f_1,f_2,ldots,f_d}$ of distinctItalian dominating functions on $D$ with the property that $sum_{i=1}^d f_i(v)le 2$ for each $vi...

Interactive and realistic rendering of various effects which are appeared in the real world paintings can be used for several applications such as animation or education. For Western paintings, watercolor or oil paintings have been main subjects for representation and model-based approaches have been researched. In case of Oriental paintings, numerous studies have focused on model-based approac...

The palette used on a small painting copper support, with the inscription “Boceto di Pablo Veronese” back, was characterized. Non-invasive techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and hand-held fluorescence (XRF) were proven to be highly effective for this. objectives of proposed work twofold. On one hand, objective study, in situ, pigments support. other it enrich literature related study pa...