نتایج جستجو برای: islet insulin secretion
تعداد نتایج: 305352 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
This study has used in vitro techniques to investigate the potential interactions between mouse pancreatic islet cells and syngeneic macrophages (M phi). Islets strongly stimulated M phi migration from agarose microdroplets; insulin was the only one of four islet cell hormones tested that was effective individually. Chronic exposure of islet monolayers to recombinant mouse IL-1, an M phi secret...
Exercise appears to improve glycemic control for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the mechanism responsible for this improvement is unknown. We hypothesized that exercise has a direct effect on the insulin-producing islets. Eight-week-old mice were divided into four groups: sedentary diabetic, exercised diabetic, sedentary control, and exercised control. The exercised groups particip...
We have previously shown that oxo-4-methylpentanoate promotes islet GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) metabolism and stimulates insulin secretion. The main aim of this work was to explore the participation of the transamination of branched-chain 2-oxoacids in these processes with the aid of several inhibitors of this enzyme activity. No correlation was found between the transamination of branched-...
Insulin secretion from the 2,000-3,000 beta-cells in an islet is a highly synchronized activity with discharge of insulin in coordinate secretory bursts at approximately 4-min intervals. Insulin secretion progressively declines in type 2 diabetes and following islet transplantation. Both are characterized by the presence of islet amyloid derived from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). In the pre...
Insulin resistance results in a compensatory increase in insulin secretion to maintain normoglycemia. Conversely, high insulin sensitivity results in reduced insulin secretion to prevent hypoglycemia. The mechanisms for this inverse adaptation are not well understood. We utilized highly insulin-sensitive mice, due to adipocyte-specific overexpression of the FOXC2 transcription factor, to study ...
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a known risk factor for type 2 diabetes. However, most obese individuals do not develop diabetes because they adapt to insulin resistance by increasing beta-cell mass and insulin secretion. Islet pathology in type 2 diabetes is characterized by beta-cell loss, islet amyloid derived from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), and increased beta-cell apoptosis characterized by end...
Insulin secretion by pancreatic islet β cells is critical for glucose homeostasis, and a blunted β cell secretory response is an early deficit in type 2 diabetes. Here, we uncover a regulatory mechanism by which glucose recruits vascular-derived neurotrophins to control insulin secretion. Nerve growth factor (NGF), a classical trophic factor for nerve cells, is expressed in pancreatic vasculatu...
Diabetes is caused by dysfunction to β-cells in the islets of Langerhans, disrupting insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis. Gap junction-mediated electrical coupling between β-cells in the islet plays a major role in coordinating a pulsatile secretory response at elevated glucose and suppressing insulin secretion at basal glucose. Previously, we demonstrated that a critical number of inexci...
In addition to the well known regulating effects of leptin on energy balance and glucose homeostasis through the central nervous system, circulating leptin has a direct effect on pancreatic islet and insulin secretion through its receptor (OBRb). The LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Isl-1 is expressed in all classes of pancreatic endocrine cells and is involved in regulating both islet deve...
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by diminished or inappropriate secretion of insulin, which could be a defect of either islet cell function or beta-cell mass. Quantitation of islet cell populations in postmortem pancreas demonstrates little change of beta-cell mass in type 2 diabetes. Reduction of islet cell mass (up to 30%) is associated largely with islet amyloid deposition, and the degree of...
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