Here, we report a study of the morphology and growth dynamics of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of the amide containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) thiol (CH3O(CH2CH2O)17NHCO(CH2)2SH) on atomically flat Au(111) surfaces. SAM growth from a 20 muM ethanolic solution reveals island growth through three distinct steps: island nucleation, island growth, and coalescence. The coalescence-step, filli...

Analyses of mitochondrial control region polymorphisms have supported the presence of several demographically independent green turtle (Chelonia mydas) rookeries in the Greater Caribbean region. However, extensive sharing of common haplotypes based on 490-bp control region sequences confounds assessment of the scale of natal homing and population structure among regional rookeries. We screened ...

The loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus), a songbird that hunts like a small raptor, maintains breeding populations on seven of the eight California Channel Islands. One of the two subspecies, L. l. anthonyi, was described as having breeding populations on six of the islands while a second subspecies, L. l. mearnsi, was described as being endemic to San Clemente Island. Previous genetic stud...

concentrations of lead (pb) were found in the shells of the oyster saccostrea cucullata and sediments in may 2010. samples were obtained at four sites on qeshm island, at three sites on hormoz island, and at three sites in lengeh port along the intertidal coast of the persian gulf of iran. the levels of pb in sediments and shells were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotom...

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The percentage cover and distribution of scleractinian corals were studied at two Iranian islands in the Persian Gulf. Survey techniques involved the use of 20-m line transects placed at 4-9 m depth interval, parallel to the shore. GIS based maps were employed to show the distribution of hard corals. In Farurgan Island, hard coral cover was concentrated in the west and north-west of the island,...

The effect of the Big Island of Hawai’i on tropical cyclone (TC) track and structure is investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The high (;4000 m) mountains of the Big Island modulate lower-tropospheric flow in such a way that it can influence TCs hundreds of kilometers away from the island. When a TC approaches from the east, the blocking of lower-tropospheric flow...

the urban heat island effect refers to the temperature rise of the cities in comparison to the suburbs. this phenomenon which is a consequence of urbanization and has become a major issue in the urban climatology may have serious consequences in the developing countries which are facing a rapid and unplanned urban growth. tehran, the capital and the most populated city of iran, this phenomenon ...

This work is concerned with analysis and refinement for a class of island dynamics models for epitaxial growth of crystalline thin films. An island dynamics model consists of evolution equations for step edges (or island boundaries), coupled to a diffusion equation for the adatom density, on an epitaxial surface. The island dynamics model with irreversible aggregation is confirmed to be mathema...