Meeting the food needs of Africa's growing population over the next half-century will require technologies that significantly improve rural livelihoods at minimal environmental cost. These technologies will likely be distinct from those of the Green Revolution, which had relatively little impact in sub-Saharan Africa; consequently, few such interventions have been rigorously evaluated. This pap...

The advantages and disadvantages of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) as compared to alternative irrigation systems are conceptually discussed. Each category (advantages and disadvantages) is subdivided into three groups: 1) Water and soil issues; 2) Cropping and cultural practices, and 3) System infrastructure issues. The adaptation and adoption of SDI systems into diverse cropping systems, geo...

A simulation model was developed to estimate the effect of deficit irrigation upon crop yield. The model was designed to provide relative yield estimates for numerous combinations of irrigation system, crop growth and irrigation management parameters. A daily soil moisture balance was used to predict evaporation and transpiration from which crop yields were estimated. Gross irrigation water req...

and Introduction Abstract Pulsatile lavage is a high-pressure irrigation treatment commonly used in the debridement of wounds. The risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens and contaminants using high-pressure irrigation has been well documented in the literature. Projectile droplets and aerosolized fine droplets may form and spread, potentially contaminating the treatment facility and infecting...

* Corresponding author. [email protected] Abstract – Previous studies have shown that irrigation can impact the near-surface climate, but none refer to the differences in the impacts of irrigation types such as flooding and spraying. In this study, we add a novel irrigation module to the recently released community land model 4.0 and simulate irrigation in two ways: first, by spraying water...

Introduction. This experimental study is to compare radiographs based on the penetration depth of the irrigant following three final irrigation techniques. Material and Method. A sample of sixty teeth with single roots were prepared with stainless steel K files followed by mechanized Ni-Ti files iRace® under irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Radiopaque solution was utilized to measure t...

A comparison of decision rules has been made for case studies of corn production using subsurface drip irrigation under three agricultural management practices (no irrigation, uniform irrigation, and variable rate irrigation). The uniform irrigation strategy appeared to perform the best than the other two management practices under different risk scenarios.

OBJECTIVE To compare intranasal distribution of saline solution delivered by three popular methods for nasal saline irrigation. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, controlled comparison. METHODS Eight healthy adult volunteers received nasal irrigation with 40 mL of isotonic, nonionic contrast material immediately before having coronal computed tomography to visualize distribution of solution in the p...

As competition among industrial, agricultural, urban and environmental sectors for freshwater intensifies, wastewater is frequently being seen as a valuable resource rather than mere waste. Furthermore, wise reuse of this water alleviates environmental concerns attendant with its discharge to coastal environments and inland waterways. Globally, around 20 million ha of land are irrigated with wa...

Acrolein is an aquatic herbicide used in the western United States to prevent impaired water flow in irrigation canals. Despite its toxicity, few cases of acrolein-related illness have been reported in the literature. On August 15, 2012, an irrigation district notified the Washington State Department of Labor & Industries (L&I) of acrolein-related illness in one of its pesticide applicators. L&...