A new method of treating pleural empyema or pneumonectomy space infection by irrigation was evaluated in 11 patients. The infected cavities were filled with an antibiotic or antiseptic solution for three hours, and allowed to drain for one hour. This cycle was repeated every four hours for seven to 10 days. When cultures of the infected cavity became sterile the irrigation tube was removed and ...

BACKGROUND Burr hole craniostomy is a widely used method for the evacuation of CSDH. However it is not clear whether the irrigation during operation improves the prognosis or gives rise to additional complications instead. This retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine this issue. METHODS Patients attending two medical centers in China who underwent burr hole drainage with irrigat...

deficit- irrigation is one of the measures for water saving and optimum application of water in surface irrigation. however, lack of enough evidences, doubts on the proper application of deficit- irrigation, dissemination of research results and its application by the farmers are of practical challenging issues. this paper summarizes and analyzes some research results on deficit- irrigation in ...

The sustainability of irrigated agriculture in India is threatened by waterlogging, soil salinity, and alkalinity. To reverse declining agricultural productivity, a combination of surface and subsurface drainage, supplemented by improved irrigation management, has been identi®ed as the most appropriate strategy. But subsurface drainage for salinity control is costly. Therefore, its bene®ts in t...

Subsurface drainage resulting from irrigated agriculture is a toxic threat to fish and wildlife resources throughout the western United States. Studies by the U.S. Department of the Interior show that migratory waterfowl have been poisoned by drainwater contaminants on at least six national wildlife refuges. Allowing this poisoning to continue is a violation of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act und...

Insufficient water is the greatest limitation to crop production and choice of crops grown in the Northern Great Plains. Supplemental irrigation can overcome this limitation. Uncertainties about the drainage capacity of flne-textured subsoils and the effect of irrigation on soil properties has impeded irrigation development. In this study we quantified salinity changes in soils with fine-textur...

abstract investigating economic advantages of people participation in irrigation and drainage network development in fourth area of band-e-amir region was the objective of this study. that area is 3950 hectares. case study was the research method. those farmers who participated and benefited of the project and experts and executors of the project were statistical society of this study. findings...

In the past ten years, smart irrigation controllers have been developed by a number of manufacturers and have been promoted by water purveyors in an attempt to reduce excessive irrigation. Legislation has been introduced in California and Texas and passed in Florida mandating or incentivizing the use of these controllers. As a result of the interest in smart controllers, their use is increasing...