The overall total population of the Arab nations in the world is estimated to be approximately 315 million (estimates; World Almanac, 2004). Arab populations encompass a vast geographical region that extends from Iraq in the east to Morocco in the west. They occupy the whole of Mesopotamia, Middle East, Arabian Gulf, North Africa, as well as some parts of East and West Africa. Arab populations ...

The majority of the world’s Muslim population follows the Sunni branch of Islam, and approximately 10-15% of all Muslims follow the Shiite (Shi‘ite, Shi‘a, Shia) branch. Shiite populations constitute a majority in Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, and Azerbaijan. There are also significant Shiite populations in Afghanistan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yemen. Sunnis and Shiites share ...

Abstract In the advancing understanding of crime-terror nexus, organized crime and terrorist entities are increasingly seen as capable pursuing multiple agendas simultaneously, with potential to ultimately reach convergence. Applying Makarenko’s theoretical work on convergence, this article sets out explain persistence in Iraq after fall Islamic State Syria (ISIS) Caliphate, based a literature ...

INTRODUCTION The Middle East (ME) is a heterogeneous part of the world with variations in mental health services. The spectrum includes countries that have well (e.g., Israel), fair (e.g., Turkey, Iran, Saudi Arabia), or poor (e.g., Iraq, Syria) services according to the data provided by Jacob et al. (1) (number of psychiatrists per 100,000 population: Israel, 13.7; Bahrain, 5; Qatar, 3.4; Kuwa...

Water scarcity is one of the factors limiting plant growth and development. More than onethird of the global terrestrial ecosystems is located in arid and semi-arid regions. The mostimportant limiting factor for plant growth is water shortage. Drought could significantlychange the natural vegetation cover. Rainfall reduction in Iraq, Turkey and Syria hasreduced vegetation cover so that dust sto...

Diane M. Zorri, Houman A. Sadri, David C. Ellis, Iran Proxy Groups in Iraq, Syria, and Yemen: A Principal-Agent Comparative Analysis, JSOU Report 20-5, The Joint Special Operations University Press, MacDill 2020, pp. 154

Leishmaniasis is endemic in 88 countries throughout Africa, Asia, Europe and North and South America (Dedet et al., 2003). There are an estimated 12 million cases worldwide and there are about 1.5 million new cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) each year of which over 90% occur in Afghanistan, Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Brazil and Peru (Ashford et al., 1992). Old World disease ...

Ethical challenges facing research and reporting from conflict-affected zones are well known; among them is the difficulty of finding reliable information; the tendency to take sides and define actors as either good or evil; the precarious security situation of residents and the ever-changing scenarios on the ground. We observed, however, that these challenges go unacknowledged in research and ...

The complexity of the ever-shifting humanitarian landscape in the Middle East region –where the effects of perennial conflict and instability have rarely been contained within one country – is a major preoccupation for humanitarian organisations like the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). As fighting continues in Syria, unprecedented levels of displacement and destruction have res...