— What were the structural determinants of the recent Arab Awakening protests that engulfed the Arab world? We examine the economic and political grievances along with political opportunities. Time-series analysis of nonviolent and violent protests in 18 Arab-majority countries shows that “bread,” “justice,” and political opportunities mattered. State terror and political openness had the stron...

This study examines the role of online social network proximity in cross-national diffusion of offline protests. Drawn upon Valente’s (1995) network diffusion model, the study operationalizes social network proximity-based protest exposure, using the international Facebook friendship share data. One year-long onsite protests during Arab Spring 2011 are examined using event history modeling. The...

Censorship, banning, and imprisonment are different methods used to suppress dissenting voices in traditional media have now evolved into a new form with bot troll accounts the digital age Turkey. Is it possible construct bloc counter-trolls against escalating political pressure on post-truth era? Are capable of setting agenda? This article discusses possibility constructing Turkey through cont...

Protests take place for a variety of reasons. In this paper we focus on protests that have a well defined objective, that is in conflict with the objectives of the government. Hence the success or failure of a protest movement depends crucially on how the government responds. We assume that government types are private information so that governments have an interest in building a reputation to...

Social media platforms continue to flourish as practices encompassing them become deeply embedded in many cultures. As more people embrace social platforms, their affordances and opportunities are leading improved communication, helping hold authorities account. To further scrutinize the importance of these this study interrogates role digital socio-political contestations Nigeria by examining ...

The best recognized intestinal manifestation of food allergy is food allergic (food-sensitive) enteropathy. The feature of enteropathy may include lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration, epithelial abnormality, or crypt hyperplastic villous atrophy, and impairing absorption, enterophaty continues while the food remains in the diet, remitting on an exclusion diet, and usually recurring on food ...

The transition of Ukraine to democracy requires studying the experience forming political leaders in developing countries. In particular, leadership, values, ideology, and policies leader, determine level a country. results research provide evidence impact leadership on democratization economic growth. It has been established that determines values priorities for development systems as well pos...

the best recognized intestinal manifestation of food allergy is food allergic (food-sensitive) enteropathy. the feature of enteropathy may include lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration, epithelial abnormality, or crypt hyperplastic villous atrophy, and impairing absorption, enterophaty continues while the food remains in the diet, remitting on an exclusion diet, and usually recurring on food ...

This paper reports on the on-going Fair Integrated Data Exchange Services (FIDES) project aimed at developing a security middleware solution to support e-commerce transactions and the provision of the important fair exchange and nonrepudiation security services. Fair exchange ensures that either both business parties participating in a transaction receive the exchanged valuable items or neither...

A high number and wide variety of protests have been organized in the UK since the implementation of austerity measures following the 2008 financial crisis. The UK government’s response to protests against austerity has been to suggest that “we are all in this together.” This sentiment has been widely publicly ridiculed because of the polarity of cutting welfare benefits whilst preserving tax h...