The biological effect of heavy ions is best described through the action cross section, as a function of the end-point of interest and the charge and speed of the ion. In track theory this is called the "ion-kill" cross section, for it is the effect produced by a single heavy ion and its delta rays. As with nuclear emulsions the biological track structure passes from the grain count regime to t...

ZnSeO3 nanocrystals with an orthorhombic structure were synthesized by electrochemical and chemical deposition into SiO2/Si ion-track template formed 200 MeV Xe ion irradiation the fluence of 107 ions/cm2. The lattice parameters determined X-ray diffraction calculated CRYSTAL computer program package are very close to each other. It was found that has a direct band gap 3.8 eV at ?-point. photol...

Apatite [Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl)] is a common mineral in rocks that contains ~10 ppm U. U disintegrates by spontaneous fission and the fission fragments produce linear damage trails of ~20 μm length and 5-10 nm width. The lattice damage along such a fission track is repaired at elevated temperatures, leading to a gradual decrease of its etchable length. Since fresh tracks are formed as existing tracks ...

The average or amorphous track model uses the response of a system to gamma-rays and the radial distribution of dose about an ion's path to describe survival and other cellular endpoints from proton, heavy ion, and neutron irradiation. This model has been used for over 30 years to successfully fit many radiobiology data sets. We review several extensions of this approach that address objections...