Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is an emerging complication in HIV infected patients. It has been suggested that the increased incidence of AVN in this population may be caused by an increased prevalence of predisposing factors for osteonecrosis, including protease inhibitors, hyperlipidemia, corticosteroid use, alcohol and intravenous drug abuse. The aim of this study was to asses...

Objective: Drug resistance is considered one of the main threats for tuberculosis control. Our aim was to identify risk factors for drug resistance in tuberculosis patients in the Northern Portugal. Study Design and Methods: Retrospective case-control study. The medical records and drug susceptibility test data from TB patients diagnosed between 31 March 2009 and 1 April 2010 were examined. We ...

Evidence accumulating from clinical observations, neuroimaging and neuropathological studies suggests that illicit drug abuse accentuates the adverse effects of HIV on the central nervous system (CNS). Experimental investigation in cell culture models supports this conclusion. Injecting drug abuse is also a risk factor for the acquisition of HIV infection, the incidence of which continues to ri...

A 55-YR-OLD man with endstage renal disease presented for emergent removal of an infected arteriovenous dialysis graft. This patient had multisystemic disease, including hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus, cardiomyopathy, and atrial fibrillation. He also had a history of left internal jugular thrombosis and right common carotid septic pseudoaneurysm, corrected via partial sternotomy. A c...

conclusions in the initial treatment, it seems necessary to supervise and monitor the treatment process through staff in addiction treatment centers together with the company of the addicts’ families to reduce relapse rate. results the relapse rate was 30.42%, mean and median of the time to relapse (survival time) were 27.40 ± 1.63 months (ci 95%: 24.19 - 30.60) and 25 ± 2.25 months (ci 95%: 22...

Right sided endocarditis usually involves the tricuspid valve, predominantly in intravenous drug users. It is also occasionally acquired in hospital as a result of contaminated intravascular devices. Isolated infection of the pulmonary valve is rarely seen. A case of community acquired Staphylococcus aureus pulmonary valve endocarditis that caused diagnostic confusion is reported. This infectio...

Right sided endocarditis usually involves the tricuspid valve, predominantly in intravenous drug users. It is also occasionally acquired in hospital as a result of contaminated intravascular devices. Isolated infection of the pulmonary valve is rarely seen. A case of community acquired Staphylococcus aureus pulmonary valve endocarditis that caused diagnostic confusion is reported. This infectio...

conclusions as the results showed, the trend of activities was encouraging and some additional activities could be included to future programs relying on early-onset preventions. results summarizing the data led to three distinguished sections: 1) drug supply reduction activities; 2) drug demand reduction activities; 3) harm reduction activities. evidence acquisition in this report, authors gat...

BACKGROUND Intravenous drug abuse is associated with a wide variety of acute and chronic medical complications. The increased longevity of drug users has seen the emergence of new diseases as a result of chronic bacterial and viral infection. We recently observed an increase in the number of cases of renal amyloidosis among intravenous drug users in central London. AIM To describe here the de...