background: intrauterine device (iud) is an effective and long term method of contraception that can be used without continued effort by the user to prevent pregnancy perfectly. pain during iud insertion is one of the obstacles to properly using the device. thus, using different methods of analgesia and anesthesia to alleviate this pain has been studied by many researchers. this review article ...

Infections of the mother, the intrauterine environment, the fetus, and the neonate can cause cerebral palsy through a variety of mechanisms. Each of these processes is reviewed. The recently proposed theory of cytokine-induced white matter brain injury and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is critically evaluated.

Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome is characterized by bilateral facio-glosso-pharyngo-masticatory paralysis of voluntary movement due to bilateral anterior opercular lesions. We describe the case of a 17-year-old female affected by Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome and congenital cytomegalovirus infection, evaluating the possible etiopathogenetic correlation between cerebral cortical dysplasia and intraute...

Introduction: Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are widely used contraceptive methods that have a possible association with lower genital tract infections. Objective: To assess whether IUD is associated with genital tract infection and which pathogens cause it. Methods: Systematic review of studies in PubMed database, Highwire-Stanford, and Google Scholar using the following keywords: “cytology IUD,”...

BACKGROUND Women of reproductive age in parts of sub-Saharan Africa are faced both with high levels of HIV and the threat of dying from the direct complications of pregnancy. Clinicians practicing in such settings have reported a high incidence of direct obstetric complications among HIV-infected women, but the evidence supporting this is unclear. The aim of this systematic review is to establi...

Eikenella corrodens is a part of normal human oral flora and a rare cause of intrauterine and neonatal infections. We describe a case of congenital E. corrodens sepsis with positive blood cultures at birth in the setting of low maternal risk factors for infection. Our case is one of two reported cases of congenital E. corrodens sepsis resulting in newborn survival.

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus; GAS) is a major cause of severe postpartum sepsis, a re-emerging cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Immunological alterations occur during pregnancy to promote maternofetal tolerance, which may increase the risk for puerperal infection. PGE2 is an immunomodulatory lipid that regulates maternofetal tolerance, parturition, and innat...

The study examines production of proinflammatory IL-1b, IL-8, γ -IFN and anti-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokines in newborns from mothers with healthy pregnancy and with the intrauterine infections. Under supervision there were 55 children, newborn from the mothers with herpes virus infections: from them 21 in the early neonatal period, 19 in the late neonatal period. The control group included 15 h...

A prospective study was undertaken on the incidence of intrauterine infections by screening 1302 cord blood samples for total IgM by radial immunodiffusion. Specific IgM against cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella and Toxoplasma were estimated in cord blood samples found to contain total IgM > 20 mg/dl. All these neonates were examined at birth and at discharge. Cord blood samples with total IgM > 2...