A noteworthy endpoint of general anesthesia is the loss of memory. However, a ghastly difficulty of narcosis is the anesthesia awareness, a rare condition that happens when surgical patients can review their surroundings or an occasion identified with their surgery while they are under general anesthesia. Amid general anesthesia, the amnesia is, for the most part, accomplished with general anes...

Neuromonitoring has been utilized during spinal surgery to assess the function of the spinal cord in an effort to prevent intraoperative injury. Although its use is widespread, no clear benefit has been demonstrated. Our goal in this study was to interrogate the value of intraoperative neuromonitoring in decreasing the severity and rate of neurological injury during and after spinal surgery. He...

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Intraoperative nerve monitoring has emerged as a valuable tool to facilitate recurrent laryngeal nerve identification during thyroid surgery, thereby avoiding its injury. The aim was to evaluate vocal fold mobility in patients who underwent thyroidectomy with intraoperative nerve monitoring. DESIGN AND SETTING Cohort formed by a consecutive series of patients, at a terti...

INTRODUCTION The treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism consists almost exclusively in the parathyroidectomy. The preoperative imaging (ultrasonography, 99mTc sestamibi scan) can allow to localize the pathologic gland and perform minimally-invasive focused techniques, but in presence of ectopic or intrathyroidal glands, parathyroid hyperplasia or coexistent thyroid disease, the sensitivity of...

The principal objectives of intraoperative monitoring are to improve perioperative outcome, facilitate surgery and reduce adverse events, using continuously collected data of cardiopulmonary,neurologic and metabolic function to guide pharmacologic and physiologic therapy. Although sophisticated and reliable apparatus may be used to collect these data they are useless, or even harmful, without p...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Laryngeal nerve injury, resulting in speech and swallowing dysfunction, is a feared complication of thyroid operations. Routine visualization of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) has decreased the likelihood of nerve injury, and intraoperative nerve monitoring has been applied in the hope of further enhancing safety. RECENT FINDINGS There is conflicting evidence about the ...

OBJECTIVES During surgeries that put the visual pathway at risk of injury, continuous monitoring of the visual function is desirable. However, the intraoperative monitoring of the visual evoked potential (VEP) is not yet widely used. We evaluate here the clinical utility of intraoperative VEP monitoring. METHODS We analyzed retrospectively 46 consecutive surgeries in 2011-2013. High luminance...

Though relatively new, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has become standard of care for many neurosurgical procedures. The use of IONM has substantially decreased the rate of paralysis after deformity surgery, and has been validated in cervical spine surgery, and thoracic and lumbar laminectomy (1) (2), (3). The main modalities are: somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs), mo...

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) is utilized to minimize neurological morbidity during spine surgery. Transcranial motor evoked potentials (TcMEPs) are principal IONM signals in which the motor cortex of the subject is stimulated with electrical pulses and the evoked potentials are recorded from the muscles of interest. Currently available monitoring systems require the conne...