Much of our current understanding about neurodegenerative diseases can be attributed to the study of inherited forms of these disorders. For example, mutations in the presenilin 1 and 2 genes have been linked to early onset familial forms of Alzheimer's disease (FAD). Using the Drosophila central nervous system as a model we have investigated the role of presenilin in one of the earliest cellul...

Abstract Calcium is responsible for the effectiveness of various processes, and its supply in diet necessary normal function human body. Apart from being an important component skeleton, calcium also helps maintain structure cell organelles regulates intracellular extracellular fluid homeostasis. This review presents nutritional health factors that affect bioavailability calcium. Physiological ...

The capacitation of mammalian spermatozoa involves the activation of a cAMP-mediated signal transduction pathway that drives tyrosine phosphorylation via mechanisms that are unique to this cell type. Controversy surrounds the impact of extracellular calcium on this process, with positive and negative effects being recorded in independent publications. We clearly demonstrate that the presence of...

Introduction: The neuroprotective role of opioid morphine against 6-hydroxydopamineinduced cell death has been demonstrated. However, the exact mechanism(s) underlying such neuroprotection, especially the role of subtype receptors, has not yet been fully clarified. Methods: Here, we investigated the effects of different opioid agonists on 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma...

B lymphocytes that recognize soluble self-Ags are routinely found in normal individuals in a functionally inactive or anergic state. Current models indicate that this tolerant state is maintained by interactions with self-Ags that uncouple the BCR from downstream signaling pathways and increase levels of free calcium. Contrary to this expectation, B cells that harbor anti-insulin Ig transgenes ...

introduction: the neuroprotective role of opioid morphine against 6-hydroxydopamineinduced cell death has been demonstrated. however, the exact mechanism(s) underlying such neuroprotection, especially the role of subtype receptors, has not yet been fully clarified. methods: here, we investigated the effects of different opioid agonists on 6-ohda-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma sh-s...

lithium and valproate modulate disturbances in intracellular calcium homeostasis implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder, but the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. two subtypes of transient receptor potential (trp) channel family, i.e. trpc3 and trpm2, are potential candidates involved in calcium signaling and implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. thi...

The use of engineered nano-sized materials led to revolutionary developments in many industrial applications and in the medical field. These materials, however, also may cause cytotoxicity. In addition to size, surface properties and shape were identified as relevant parameters for cell damage. Cell damage may occur as disruption of membrane integrity, induction of apoptosis and by organelle da...