Adopting a microfoundations approach to the analysis of intra-multinational enterprise (MNE) knowledge integration, we focus on mobile inventors and their boundary-spanning experience. Using inventor-patent data US-based MNEs, show that intra-organizational cross-border mobility inter-organizational have respectively positive negative effect integration. Cross-border within MNE enables temporar...

organizational citizenship behavior is defined as completely voluntary behaviors which staffs conducted them beyond their vocation and task expectations and organizational justice is served as how to deal with staff so that they can feel fair action including understanding of justice in payments and equality in organizational procedures and intra-personal behaviors in organization. the principl...

The recent discourse on modernizing organizations and leadership has often placed a strong emphasis on values and ethics. This article elaborates on the benefits and challenges in the integration of values into leadership and organizational actions, most notably in regards to appraisals of values-based leadership (VBL). It is proposed that if the critical success factors and the challenges in i...

Growth in the nonprofit sector typically occurs through a system of franchises. This paper explores the factors which encourage franchising in the sector. Data are analyzed from a survey by the author which suggest that the choice by nonprofits of the franchise versus branch offke form is consistent with the predictions made by agency theory. Mechanisms used by nonprofit franchises to enhance i...