Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) has recently been proposed as both a central stimulator and an inhibitor of food intake. To clarify its role, we investigated the effects of MCH and the prepro-MCH-derived peptide neuropeptide E-I injected intracerebroventricularly (icv) in rats. MCH (0.15-15 micrograms) was injected icv at the beginning of the light phase. Food intake at 2 h showed a dose-de...

the depth control systems used in iranian tractors are mechanical and they produce variable tillage depth in uneven field surface. in this research a rotary type electronic control valve was designed and constructed. by using this valve, electro-hydraulic tillage depth control system was developed and installed on the tractor. the control system was composed of: a depth sensor, a programmable l...

Disturbance observer-based control method has achieved good results in the car-following scenario of intelligent and connected vehicle (ICV). However, gain conventional extended disturbance observer (EDO)-based is usually set manually rather than adjusted adaptively according to real time traffic conditions, thus declining performance. To solve this problem, a strategy ICV using EDO by reinforc...

background and objectives: there is well established the beneficial effects of crocus sativus extract in learning and memory improvement. in the present study the effect of this plant in memory behavioral impairment and forbrain histological damage induced by stz-icv model of alzheimer disease were investigated. materials and methods: this study was conducted at shahed university (tehran) in 20...

The baroreflex response is an essential component of the cardiovascular regulation that buffers abrupt changes in blood pressure to maintain homeostasis. Urotensin II (UII) and its receptor UT are present in the brain and in peripheral cardiovascular tissues of fish and mammals. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of UII in these vertebrates provokes hypertension and tachycardia, suggesting...

OBJECTIVE To investigate intracranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) distribution in patients with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH). METHODS 24 patients with a clinical diagnosis of INPH were studied. Control groups comprised 17 patients with secondary normal pressure hydrocephalus (SNPH), 21 patients with brain atrophy, and 18 healthy volunteers. Ventricular...

In the present study, we investigated the effects of acute intracerebroventricular (icv) insulin administration on central mechanisms regulating urinary sodium excretion in simultaneously centrally NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME)-injected unanesthetized rats. Male Wistar-Hannover rats were randomly assigned to one of five groups: a) icv 0.15 M NaCl-injected rats (control, N = 10), b) i...

to have an, idea about the relation between the length of birth interval and lactation, and birth control program this study have been done. the material for such analysis was nomad women's fertility history that was in their reproductive period (15-44). the material itself was gathered through a health survey. the main sample was composed of 2,165 qualified women, of whom 49 due to previous or...

There is evidence of crucial central nervous system involvement in the pathogenesis of mineralocorticoid-excess salt hypertension, as well as data indicating that corticosterone is the predominant ligand for the type I adrenocorticoid receptor in the brain. Miniosmotic pumps were used to deliver artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), aldosterone (10 ng/h), corticosterone (10 or 20 ng/h), aldoste...

In present study, we investigated the effects of NO modulators (L-arginine and L-NAME) in intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin (ICV-STZ, 3 mg/kg) induced rat model of sporadic AD (sAD). Pre-treatment with L-arginine (100 mg/kg/ip/day) improved ICV-STZ induced cognitive deficit in the Morris water maze (MWM) test when compared to the control (saline) group. Both memory acquisition (escape late...