the aim of this study was to determine the effects of external attention (ea) and internal attention (ia) with & without motivational music training on dynamic balance task. the method was quasi-experimental and the sample involved 60 athletic maile who were volunteers to participate in this study. after pre-test, subjects were divided into 5 groups of 12 members randomly. groups were: ia with ...

Traditional convolutional neural networks (CNN) are stationary and feedforward. They neither change their parameters during evaluation nor use feedback from higher to lower layers. Real brains, however, do. So does our Deep Attention Selective Network (dasNet) architecture. DasNet’s feedback structure can dynamically alter its convolutional filter sensitivities during classification. It harness...

Animal learning is associated with changes in the efficacy of connections between neurons. The rules that govern this plasticity can be tested in neural networks. Rules that train neural networks to map stimuli onto outputs are given by supervised learning and reinforcement learning theories. Supervised learning is efficient but biologically implausible. In contrast, reinforcement learning is b...

Working memory (WM) has limited capacity. This leaves attention with the important role of allowing into storage only the most relevant information. It is increasingly evident that attention is equally crucial for prioritizing representations within WM as the importance of individual items changes. Retrospective prioritization has been proposed to result from a focus of internal attention highl...

Studies investigating the influence of the learner’s focus of attention suggest that, in general, directing performers’ attention to the effects of their movements (external focus of attention) is more beneficial than directing their attention to their own movements (internal focus of attention). It has been shown that different attentional foci are associated with different motor control proce...

Accurate matching of unfamiliar faces is vital in security and forensic applications, yet previous research has suggested that humans often perform poorly when matching unfamiliar faces. Hairstyle and facial hair can strongly influence unfamiliar face matching but are potentially unreliable cues. This study investigated whether increased attention to the more stable internal face features of ey...

Shifting between one's external and internal environments involves orienting attention. Studies on differentiating subprocesses associated with external-to-internal orienting attention are limited. This study aimed to reveal the characteristics of the disengagement, shifting and reengagement subprocesses by using somatosensory external stimuli and internally generated images. Study participants...

introduction: the sensitivity of teaching and learning processes at universities highlights the necessity of assessment, which is followed by improvement of education quality and efficacy of education system in the country. this study was carried out to perform an internal evaluation of department of anatomy and cell biology at kermanshah university of medical sciences in 2015. methods: this cr...