In order to quantitatively evaluate the shear-bearing capacity of shear connectors of square concrete filled steel tube (CFST), push-out tests on 14 square CFSTs with shear connectors have been carried out. Among the 14 CFSTs, there are 13 specimens with steel plate connectors and one specimen with steel bar connectors. The following factors are investigated to figure out their influences on th...

We calculate the tunneling current in a quantum Hall bilayer system in the strong magnetic field limit. We model the bilayer electron system as two Wigner crystals coupled through interlayer Coulomb interactions, treated in the continuum limit. We generalized the Johansson and Kinaret (JK) model and were able to study the effect of the low energy out-of-phase magnetophonon modes produced as a r...

compared to quartz sand, the shear behavior of carbonate sand differs in  appearance, origin, and kind. carbonate sand is found mainly in the northern coast of the persian gulf and the oman sea. in this research, a comparison is made between the shear behavior of carbonate sand retrieved from the eastern region of the chabahar port, located north of the oman sea, and quartz sand obtained from f...

A systematic experimental investigation of the generation and subsequent evolution of impact damage in heterogeneous two-layer materials is presented. Model layered specimens involving a compliant polymer layer bonded with a metal layer were designed and subjected to impact loading to simulate failure mechanisms in real time. High-speed photography and dynamic photoelasticity were utilized to v...

Initiated by research on microsurfacings conducted in the Task Group TG 2 of International Union Laboratories and Experts Construction Materials, Systems Structures RILEM TC-280 CBE, “Multiphase Characterisation Cold Bitumen Emulsion Materials,” interlayer shear bonding asphalt concrete layers was investigated laboratory. The paper presents test results at Swiss Federal for Materials science Te...

The behavior of steel-concrete composite beams is strongly influenced by the type of shear connection between the steel beam and the concrete slab. For accurate analytical predictions, the structural model must account for the interlayer slip between these two components. In numerous engineering applications e.g., in the fields of structural optimization, structural reliability analysis, and fi...

In flexible 2D-devices, strain transfer between different van-der Waals stacked layers is expected to play an important role in determining their optoelectronic performances and mechanical stability. Using a 2D non-linear shear-lag model, we demonstrate that only 1-2% strain can be transferred between adjacent layers of different 2d-materials, depending on the strength of the interlayer vdW int...

Raman spectroscopy is the prime nondestructive characterization tool for graphene and related layered materials. The shear (C) and layer breathing modes (LBMs) are due to relative motions of the planes, either perpendicular or parallel to their normal. This allows one to directly probe the interlayer interactions in multilayer samples. Graphene and other two-dimensional (2d) crystals can be com...