An account of nine Agarics, namely, Macrolepiota procera, M. rhacodes. Lepiota leprica, L. holospilota, Coprinus comatus, C. plicatilis, C. scobicola, C. disseminatus and C. flocculosus, were collected from different localities that is Noor city of Mazandaran, Maragheh city of East Azarbaijan and Karaj and Varamin cities of Tehran province are described in details. Species namely Lepiota lepric...

Chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey) is one of the most important native oaks of Iran distributed in the Hyrcanian Forests. The pure and mixed stands of it cover about 6.5% of these forests. The species represents morphological variations which have resulted in the description of several infraspecific taxa by different authors. Eight taxa were recognized as subspecies and varie...

In the framework of study on wood inhabiting Hyphomycetes inChalus vicinity, Mazandaran (Iran), during 2005-2006, 21 taxa belonging to different genera were identified. Among them, nine taxa have already been recorded from Iran and the other taxa are new to Iran which are listed as follows: Arthrobotryum stilboideum, Chloridium preussi, C. virescens var. virescens, Codinaeopsis gonytrichoides, ...

In the present study, Kabir kuh Section, related to the Seymareh or Lopha Limestone member (Gurpi Formation) have been Selected. The member has yielded a rich echinoid fauna and 21 species of Echinoid belonging to 14 genera are recognized and described. The Kabir Kuh section yielded two regular echinoid taxa: Salenia nutrix and Goniopygus superbus, one holectypoid taxa: Coptodiscus noemiae, two...

In many interesting cases, the reconstruction of a correct phylogeny is blurred by high mutation rates and/or horizontal transfer events. As a consequence, a divergence arises between the true evolutionary distances and the differences between pairs of taxa as inferred from available data, making the phylogenetic reconstruction a challenging problem. Mathematically, this divergence translates i...