We notice that the “password security” discourse is missing a fundamental notion of the “password strength”. We propose a canonical measure of password’s strength. We give formal definition of the “guessing attack”, and the “attacker’s strategy”. The measure is based on the assessment of the efficiency of the best possible guessing attack. Unlike naive password strength assessments our measure ...

A framework for knowledge-based scienti c discovery in geological databases has been developed. The discovery process consists of two main steps: context de nition and equation derivation. Context de nition properly de nes and formulates homogeneous regions, each of which is likely to produce a unique and meaningful analytic formula for the goal variable. Clustering techniques and a suite of vi...

Epistemic Indefinites (henceforth EIs) are indefinites in which this ignorance inference is conventionalized (Jayez and Tovena, 2006; Alonso-Ovalle and MenéndezBenito, 2010). Examples of epistemic indefinite determiners are German irgendein (Haspelmath, 1997; Kratzer and Shimoyama, 2002) and Italian un qualche (Zamparelli, 2007). Sentences (2) and (3) make an existential claim, and additionally...

The dynamical properties of finite dynamical systems (FDSs) have been investigated in the context of coding theoretic problems, such as network coding and index coding, and in the context of hat games, such as the guessing game and Winkler’s hat game. In this paper, we relate the problems mentioned above to properties of FDSs, including the number of fixed points, their stability, and their ins...

this study investigated how english as foreign language (efl) learners with different learning styles (field dependent and field independent) boost up their reading comprehension abilities as they develop their metacognitive skills. to conduct this research, 60 participants were randomly invited to sit pet (preliminary english test) to ensure homogeneity of the participants in terms of language...

In simple card games, cards are dealt one at a time and the player guesses each sequentially. We study problems where feedback (e.g., correct/incorrect) is given after guess. For decks with repeated values (as in blackjack suits do not matter), optimal strategy differs from “greedy strategy” (of guessing most likely round). Further, both greedy strategies far too complicated for real-time use b...

The central problem of creating interactive drama is structuring a media experience for participants such that a good story is presented while enabling a high degree of meaningful interactivity. This paper presents a new approach to interactive drama, where pre-authored storylines are made interactive by adapting them at run-time by applying strategies that react to unexpected user behavior. Th...