Fresco [Wills91] is a programming environment which provides for the rigorous development of object-oriented software from specifications. Specifications are incorporated into the software in the form of abstract classes; and the specification elements of the language can also be used in concrete classes to document the implementations and their development in a style similar to that of [Morgan...

A network approach to simulating the thermal transient casting process is presented and compared with experimental data and a continuum finite element model. For a sufficiently fine network, all comparisons are good. The approach is economical on computer effort and may be used f?r a first iteration in die design. The capability to model successive casting cycles is presented, which shows the d...

This paper describes surface evolution formulated in terms of a Hamilton-Jacobi equation and a solution algorithm based on a three-dimensional front tracking algorithm. Our method achieves sharp resolution in the evolution of surface edges and corners. This study is motivated by semiconductor chip evolution during deposition and resput-tering processes. For this reason, we discuss here the eeec...

Model identification is an important and complicated step within the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) methodology framework. This step is especially difficult for integrated series. In this article first investigate Box-Jenkins methodology and its faults in detecting model, and hence have discussed the problem of outliers in time series. By using this optimization method, we wil...

e-Learning is expected to support organizations in being more adaptable and competitive. However, current results do not measure up business and individual expectations yet. We propose a holistic framework focused on e-learning outcomes and their articulation with business process, courseware and learners’ individual characteristics. In this e-learning framework, courseware usability is analyze...

An integrated form of continuous Newton’s method is defined. Under rather minimal conditions the method is shown to lead to a zero of the given function. The result is applied to recover a recent Nash-Moser type inverse function theorem.