Let p be a prime, and let f (x) be an integer-valued polynomial. By a combinatorial approach, we obtain a nontrivial lower bound of the p-adic order of the sum k≡r (mod p β) n k (−1) k f k − r p α , where α β 0, n p α−1 and r ∈ Z. This polynomial extension of Fleck's congruence has various backgrounds and several consequences such as k≡r (mod p α) n k a k ≡ 0 mod p n−p α−1 ϕ(p α) provided that ...

The notion of operator-valued frames (OVFs) by Kaftal et al. (Trans Am Math Soc 361(12):6349–6385, 2009) and G-frames Sun (J Anal Appl 322(1):437–452, 2006) do not include all generalizations notions for Hilbert spaces. For this purpose, we introduce the weak (weak OVFs) which covers known Theory weak-OVFs is more demanding than theory OVFs due to following: One, frame operator may factor anoth...

Frames on Hilbert C*-modules have been defined for unital C*algebras by Frank and Larson [5] and operator-valued frames on a Hilbert space have been studied in [8]. The goal of this paper is to introduce operatorvalued frames on a Hilbert C*-module for a σ-unital C*-algebra. Theorem 1.4 reformulates the definition given in [5] in terms of a series of rank-one operators converging in the strict ...

We develop a natural generalization of vector-valued frame theory, which we term operator-valued frame theory, using operator-algebraic methods. This extends work of the second author and D. Han which can be viewed as the multiplicity one case and extends to higher multiplicity their dilation approach. We prove several results for operator-valued frames concerning duality, disjointedness, compl...

Betting strategies are often expressed formally as martingales. A martingale is called integer-valued if each bet must be an integer value. Integer-valued strategies correspond to the fact that in most betting situations, there is a minimum amount that a player can bet. According to a well known paradigm, algorithmic randomness can be founded on the notion of betting strategies. A real X is cal...