Abstract Deformation modulus of rock mass (Em) is an important parameter for the analysis and design mining engineering projects. However, field tests measuring deformation are difficult, time-consuming, capital intensive. This has led to development numerous empirical models estimating modulus, which in different forms scattered literature. The available literature use types inputs. Therefore,...

by Hoek et al. 2002 and which is related to blasting, caused damage and stress relief; it may also be considered in the estimate of rock mass modulus from intact rock modulus. The recommendations of “D” values for tunnel and slope applications were provided by Hoek et al. 2002 . Unfortunately, no guidelines were provided for deep foundation application. The discussers related the disturbance fa...

Using a proteomic approach, we searched for protein changes dependent on Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) during phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced apoptosis. We found that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1 and C2 (hnRNP C1/C2), two nuclear restricted pre-mRNA binding proteins, are translocated to the cytosolic compartment in a ROCK-dependent manner in PMA-induced pro-apoptotic ...

Membrane blebbing during the apoptotic execution phase results from caspase-mediated cleavage and activation of ROCK I. Here, we show that ROCK activity, myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, MLC ATPase activity, and an intact actin cytoskeleton, but not microtubular cytoskeleton, are required for disruption of nuclear integrity during apoptosis. Inhibition of ROCK or MLC ATPase activity, w...

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Rock alteration and rind formation in analog environments like Antarctica may provide clues to rock alteration and therefore paleoclimates on Mars. Clastic sedimentary rocks derived from basaltic sources have been studied in situ by martian rovers and are likely abundant on the surface of Mars. However, how such rock types undergo alteration when exposed to...

The serine/threonine kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2 are direct targets of activated rho GTPases, and aberrant rho/ROCK signaling has been implicated in a number of human diseases. We have developed novel methods for high-throughput assays of ROCK inhibitors that provide for quantitative evaluation of the ability of small molecules to inhibit the function of ROCK kinases in intact cells. Conditions for...

One of the most important parameters used for determining the performance of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) is their penetration rate. The parameters affecting the penetration rate can be divided in two categories. The first category is the controllable parameters such as the TBM technical characteristics, and type and geometry of the tunnel, and the second one is the uncontrollable parameters s...

Intact rock properties together with rock mass characteristics should be well investigated for selection of proper tunnel boring machine (TBM) for tunneling in various ground conditions. This is due to the significant impact of rock mass characteristics on machine performance. TBMs are site specific and designed for optimal performance in given ground conditions. When selected and put to work a...