Public health instruments have been under constant development and renewal for decades. International legal instruments, with their binding character and strength, have a special place in this development. The start of the 21st century saw, in particular, the birth of the first World Health Organization (WHO)-era health treaties – the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) and i...

1 This paper analyses the use of economic instruments for control of water pollution in four OECD countries-Denmark, France, Germany and the Netherlands-from 1970-1990. While there is now a vast theoretical literature on the use of economic or market-like instruments, this study is the first empirical investigation of the use of such instruments in a comparative perspective. And although the sp...

surgical instruments, on bandaging and on many other aspects of surgery in general and surgery of the head and neck area in particular. It is hoped however that the present paper will stimulate interest and further examination of the empiric maturity of Hindu surgery more than fifteen centuries ago.

this study aimed at finding out if banks and insurance companies in nigeria use crm as a marketing strategy as well as whether these organizations have employed the same variables to achieve customer relationship management. relevant literature was reviewed and a model consisting of seventeen variables was conceptualized and tested by means of empirical data collected through a questionnaire su...

One important reason for the global impact of the 2007–2009 financial crisis was massive illiquidity in combination with an extreme exposure of many financial institutions to liquidity needs and market conditions. As a consequence, many financial instruments could not be traded anymore; investors ran on a variety of financial institutions, particularly in wholesale markets; financial institutio...

I review the controversy over the roles of geography and institutions in economic development. Using the new data set of Maddison (2003) shows that the only major reversal of fortunes consisted of four British o¤shoots passing the income levels of the rest of the world: a ...nding which, in my view, casts doubts on the importance of institutions. I argue that statistical analyses of the impact ...

Institutions have been creating their own specific weblab infrastructures. Usually, they use distinct software and hardware architectures comprehending instruments and modules (I&M) able to be parameterized but difficult to be shared. These aspects are impairing their widespread in education, since collaboration between institutions, in developing and sharing resources, is still low. To handle ...