Previous work has suggested that low levels of trust in ethnically diverse societies may be one mechanism explaining the negative relationship between diversity and economic growth. Building on theories developed in social psychology, I argue that increased national identification in such societies may reduce the negative effects of ethnic diversity on interpersonal trust by extending trust acr...

Each society has a social health definition based on its characteristics. One of the important and influential factors on social health is the level of social consensus in society. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of social consensus on social health. The statistical population of the study is all citizens living in Tehran. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster sampli...

Solution stability of a class of linear generalized equations in finite dimensional Euclidean spaces is investigated by means of generalized differentiation. Exact formulas for the Fréchet and the Mordukhovich coderivatives of the normal cone mappings of perturbed Euclidean balls are obtained. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the local Lipschitz-like property of the solution maps of such...

The interval bounded generalized trust region subproblem (GTRS) consists in minimizing a general quadratic objective, q0(x) → min, subject to an upper and lower bounded general quadratic constraint, l ≤ q1(x) ≤ u. This means that there are no definiteness assumptions on either quadratic function. We first study characterizations of optimality for this implicitly convex problem under a constrain...

BadRank is a method for detecting spam web sites, based on the premise that a page is spam if it points to another spam page; i.e., the BadRank score of a page is the weighted sum of the BadRank scores of the pages that it links to. BadRank is an important tool in spam detection. We consider the mathematical structure of BadRank, showing how it can be modified to guarantee that the iterates con...