OBJECTIVE Inequity in physician distribution poses a challenge to many health systems. In Japan, a new postgraduate training program for all new medical graduates was introduced in 2004, and researchers have argued that this program has increased inequalities in physician distribution. We examined the trends in the geographic distribution of pediatricians as well as all physicians from 1996 to ...

This paper discusses the relationship between education and crime from an economic perspective, developing a human capital-based model that sheds light on key ways in which early childhood programs and policies that encourage schooling may affect both juvenile and adult crime. The paper first discusses evidence on the effects of educational attainment, school quality, and school enrollment on c...

The West Virginia K-12 RuralNet Project was an NSF funded program to train inservice teachers on integrating the Internet into science and mathematics curriculum. The program involved training inservice teachers through an intensive summer workshop and supplemental online courses. This study examines the effects of the project on the long-term self-efficacy of inservice teachers and their use o...

This paper examines the effects of performance incentives in a federal job training program for the economically disadvantaged. A natural experiment that exogenously varies the incentives that government workers face allows me to identify incentive responses, which I find are consistent with a simple model of organizational behavior. Additionally, I show that the program’s incentive designers h...

2. L.E López, since 1996, is Principal Consultant of PROEIB Andes (Training Program in Intercultural Bilingual Education for Andean Countries), of a network of Universities, ministries and indigenous organizations of the Andean sub-region with headquarters in the Universidad Mayor de San Simón de Cochabamba, Bolivia. W. Küper is Principal Assessor of PROFORMA (Teacher Training Project), which s...

In this paper, a new method to analyze the input-output pairing for uncertain multivariable plants is proposed. Here, Hankel Interaction Index Array is used to choose the appropriate input-output pair and a theorem will be presented to show the effect of additive uncertainties on input-output pairing of the system. In this theorem a new approach to compute the variation bound of Hankel Interact...

Using 1996 surveyed data of 1,023 employees in Shenzhen, China, this study estimated the effects of three forms of human capital on employee salary, namely formal education, on-the-job training provided by employers, and adult education pursued by employees. Using a hierarchical linear model, the analysis estimated employee monthly salary growth over a maximum of six years due to (a) such tempo...

Efficacy and effectiveness data for strength-training programs targeting older adults have been well established, but it is evident that they are not translated within practice-based settings to have a public health impact, as most (~90%) older adults are not meeting strength-training recommendations. Strength-training interventions developed, delivered, and evaluated in highly controlled setti...

This study describes the behavior management training and instructional practices of Nationally Certified Adapted Physical Education (CAPE) teachers. Participants who were currently teaching APE and were certified during the past 10 years were selected from the Adapted Physical Education National Standards (APENS) database. Eighty-nine APE teachers (67 females; 22 males) responded to the online...

This paper discusses the relationship between education and crime from an economic perspective, developing a human capital-based model that sheds light on key ways in which early childhood programs and policies that encourage schooling may affect both juvenile and adult crime. The paper first discusses evidence on the effects of educational attainment, school quality, and school enrollment on c...