background: the irritant effect of some insecticides can cause a proportion of mosquitoes to leave the sprayed rooms before acquiring a lethal dose, so the repeated contact al sub-lethal dose may lead to extent the resistance. methods: larvae and pupae of culex pipiens complex were collected in mass from open canals of waste water in capital city tehran and reared to obtain the first generation...

toxic effects of malathion and endosulfan to fertile chicken eggs were determined. in-jection of 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/egg of malathion into yolk sac of fertile eggs prior to incubation caused mortality of 10.0, 30.0, 83.33 and 93.33% respectively. similar trend was observed with injection of endosulfan doses. malathion and endosulfan at 1.25 mg/egg caused no pronounced ld50 increase in mo...

Five insecticides (Bifenthrin, Deltamethrin, Etofenprox, Permethrin and Lamda cyhalothrin) recommended by WHO, at their recommended dose were compared for their efficacy and wash resistance through bioassay against mosquito vectors, Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Etofenprox treated nettings exhibited better knockdown and mortality than the other insecticides. The...

Background: The German cockroach (Blatella germanica) is one of the most important vectors of public health interest due to its involvement in the transmission of infectious diseases. Different insecticides are used to control cockroaches; however, resistance developed against most of insecticides has made them ineffective. Attempts should always be made to find proper alternat...

Pest insects can damage agricultural crops, consume and/or damage harvested food, or transmit diseases to humans and animals. The past 30 years has witnessed a dramatic reemergence of epidemic vector-borne diseases throughout much of the world (Atkinson, 2010). Prior to the development and commercial success of synthetic insecticides in the mid1930s to 1950s, botanical insecticides were the for...

Dysdercus species are important pests of cotton because of their staining effect on cotton lint. Chemical control, using the newer generation of insecticides known as the synthetic pyrethroids, is the most important method of control of these pests on cotton in Kenya at present. Susceptibility studies were conducted using three pyrethroids, namely Cypermethrin, Fenvalerate and permethrin agains...

A series of bioassays were conducted to determine the relative toxicities and residual activities of insecticides labeled for use in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) on natural enemies, to identify products with low toxicity or short duration effects on biological control agents. In total, 14 insecticides were evaluated using treated petri dishes and four commercially available natural enemi...

Background: Neonicotinoid insecticides are generally efficacious against many turfgrass pests, including several important phloem-feeding insects. However, inconsistencies in control of western chinch bugs, Blissus occiduus, have been documented in field efficacy studies. This research investigated the efficacy of three neonicotinoid insecticides (clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) ag...