BACKGROUND Prisons in Madagascar are at high risk of plague outbreak. Occurrence of plague epidemic in prisons can cause significant episode of urban plague through the movement of potentially infected humans, rodents and fleas. Rodent and flea controls are essential in plague prevention, by reducing human contact with plague reservoirs and vectors. Insecticide treatment is the key step availab...

onion thrips, thrips tabaci, is the most important pest of onion in isfahan. onion growers often rely on the pesticide spraying. imidacloprid is frequently used against this pest. to investigate the thrips resistance to this insecticide, 10 onion-growing regions of isfahan were selected. after their laboratory rearing, certain concentrations of imidacloprid were applied to these populations, us...

Fitness-related costs of evolving insecticide resistance have been reported in a number of insect species, but the interplay between evolutionary adaptation to insecticide pressure and variable environmental conditions has received little attention. We provisioned nymphs from three German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) populations, which differed in insecticide resistance, with either nutri...

A previous study identified 3 nonsynonymous and 6 synonymous mutations in the entire mosquito sodium channel of Culex quinquefasciatus, the prevalence of which were strongly correlated with levels of resistance and increased dramatically following insecticide selection. However, it is unclear whether this is unique to this specific resistant population or is a common mechanism in field mosquito...

Epistasis is the nonadditive interaction between different loci which contribute to a phenotype. Epistasis between independent loci conferring insecticide resistance is important to investigate as this phenomenon can shape the rate that resistance evolves and can dictate the level of resistance in the field. The evolution of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes is a growing and world-wide probl...

Several loci conferring insecticide resistance in the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) have previously been mapped by simple recombinational mapping. Here we describe correlation of these resistance phenotypes with molecular gene probes for insecticide target sites by RFLP mapping. The para sodium channel gene homologue and the GABA receptor gene Resistance to dieldrin map to the same geno...