This investigation evaluates the use of organic ionic salt solutions as draw solutions for specific use in osmotic membrane bioreactors. Also, this investigation presents a simple method for determining the diffusion coefficient of ionic salt solutions using only a characterized membrane. A selection of organic ionic draw solutions underwent a desktop screening process before being tested in th...

We have investigated CCN properties of internally mixed particles composed of one organic acid (oxalic acid dihydrate, succinic acid, adipic acid, citric acid, cis-pinonic acid, or Nordic reference fulvic acid) and one inorganic salt (sodium chloride or ammonium sulphate). Surface tension and water activity of aqueous model solutions with concentrations relevant for CCN activation were measured...

Factors that influence salt absorption by plants have long been a subject of study. Only recently, however, (3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 16, 20, 23), have the effects of certain metabolic processes in the plant been recognized as intimately connected with salt absorption and accumulation. The present investigation has been concerned with the cation-anion balance in several species of crop plants with speci...

Reviewer #2 I have read the article “A Complete Parameterization of the Relative Humidity and Wavelength Dependence of the Refractive Index of Hygroscopic Inorganic Aerosol Particles” by the authors Cotterell et al. submitted to Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. This paper provides the refractive indices for aerosol particles composed of salt and water using several atmospherically relevant salts as ...

During cellulose dissolution in non-derivatizing solvents, the interand intramolecular hydrogen bonds of the polymer are deconstructed. This occurs either by hydrogen bond formation between one or more components of the solvent systems and the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose or by coordination bond formation between the metal ion present in the medium and the hydroxyl group of cellulose molecu...

In this paper, the dehydration of xylose to furfural was carried out under atmospheric pressure and at the boiling temperature of a biphasic mixture of toluene and an aqueous solution of xylose, with sulfuric acid as catalyst plus an inorganic salt (NaCl or FeCl(3)) as promoter. The best yield of furfural was 83% under the following conditions: 150 mL of toluene and 10 mL of aqueous solution of...

In this study, the ecological parameters of the effluent obtained from dyeing of scoured and mercerised organic cotton single jersey fabrics with textile reactive dyes adopting exhaust dyeing method was investigated. The dyes used include regular (Navacron H and FN) reactive dyes and low impact (Remazol and Levafix) reactive dyes along with inorganic salt (sodium sulphate) and biosalt (trisodiu...

Plants have different responses to salt and drought stresses. They transport several ions balance osmotic potential stomatal closure opening. Ions including inorganic organic cations anions play a crucial role alleviate abiotic stresses (salt drought). Inorganic containing Na+, K+, Mg2+ Ca2+ comprising Cl-, PO42-, NO3-, SO42- great in ion hemostasis response water Organic like acetate, succinat...

In experiments with the facultative Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) species, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, only plants which received high levels of inorganic salts fixed substantial amounts of CO(2) by the CAM pathway. Equivalent osmolarities of polyethylene glycol 6000 did not yield any CAM fixation. Plant water potential and turgor pressure had no detectable influence on the amount of CA...