designing an efficient skin for the building can minimize winter heat loss and summer heat gain. double skin façade (dsf) is a good device for achieving such a goal; but its summer overheating is a problem for using it, especially in hot-dry climates such as iran plateau. in this study, after reviewing state of the art strategies for cooling façade cavity, the effect of using some of them (such...

two-dimensional hydrodynamic and advection-dispersion simulations were carried out toidentify the appropriate locations of inlet and outlet for cool seawater discharges from the proposed liquefiednatural gas (lng) terminal using mike-21 suites of software. the model simulations were validated bycomparing the observed and simulated hydrodynamics in terms of water depths, current speeds and direc...

10 This paper introduces a new disjunctive formulation for the simultaneous optimization and heat integration of 11 systems with variable inlet and outlet temperatures in process streams as well as the possibility of selecting and 12 using different utilities. The starting point is the original compact formulation of the Pinch Location Method, 13 however, instead of approximating the “maximum” ...

During hot seasons the inlet temperature of Nitrogen increases, as a result compressor consumes more power for compressing a specific mass ratio of fluid and consequently total energy consumption of the compressor increases as well. In this research, a three stage centrifugal compressor with intercooler was modeled thermodynamically in order to decreases the energy consumption of the compressor...

Ecological speciation seems to occur readily but is clearly not ubiquitous - and the relative contributions of different reproductive barriers remain unclear in most systems. We here investigate the potential importance of selection against migrants in lake/stream stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from the Misty Lake system, Canada. This system is of particular interest because one populatio...

The extent of variation in mating signals between environments can be an important determinant of reproductive isolation. We tested divergence in male courtship behavior between lake and stream three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) in the Misty system, Vancouver Island. Presumably, genetically based divergence was assessed by comparing male behavior (aggressive, display, and nest...

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is usually off-line combined with an adsorption/desorption method to analyze gaseous or atmospheric samples. Here, we demonstrated direct sampling in the air of CE. The inlet end of a fused silica capillary filled with a pH 7.2 phosphate buffer was placed in the air for absorbing gaseous or volatile components, while the outlet end was immersed into a buffer vial ...

Hydrological and biogeochemical relationships were evaluated for the Arbutus Watershed in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State. Wet-only precipitation inputs (weekly) and discharge losses were evaluated from 1983 to 1998. Precipitation from 1983–98 had significant p < 0Ð05 decreases in concentrations of Ca2C 0Ð10 μmolc l 1 year 1 , Mg2C 0Ð07 μmolc l 1 year 1 , KC 0Ð01 μmolc l 1 year 1 , N...

Spray drying is a common drying technique in food industries to convert liquid to powder form. A good understanding on the dynamic behavior of the process is important to ensure proper control. The aim of this study is to develop empirical models for spray drying of whole milk powder and orange juice powder. A preliminary study on the effect of several inputs such as inlet air temperature, feed...