This paper proposes a decomposition framework for quantifying contributions of the determinants of poverty to spatial differences or temporal changes in poverty. This framework is then applied to address the issue why poverty incidence is higher in inland than in coastal China. The empirical application requires household or individual income observations which, generally speaking, are not avai...

We explored the practicality of integrating surveillance for soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH, assessed by Kato-Katz) with transmission assessment surveys for lymphatic filariasis (LF) in two evaluation units (EUs) in Gampaha district, Sri Lanka (population 2.3 million). The surveys were performed 6 years after five annual rounds of mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine and albend...

The present study implements a stochastic optimization technique to optimally manage freshwater pumping from coastal aquifers. Our simulations utilize the well-known sharp interface model for saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers together with its known analytical solution. The objective is to maximize the total volume of freshwater pumped by the wells from the aquifer while, at the same time...

Terrestrial amphipod crustaceans from two ecological groups, the coastal group and the forest group, were collected along two transects at right angles to the shoreline at Cox Bight, southwestern Tasmania. The transects were placed on either side of Point Eric ro ensure that one was more sheltered from seaspray, in order to examine the hypothesis that the distribution of coastal group landhoppe...

In a previous study, we have calculated the usable road distance in the southern coastal area of Iwate Prefecture following the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake. In this context, a usable road is one on which at least one vehicle has been probed during the observation period. If the accumulative usable distance up to September 30, 2011 is considered as 100%, then the percentage of the usable road distanc...

The topography of inland deltas is influenced by the water-sediment bal-3 ance in distributary channels and local evaporation and seepage rates. In this 4 letter a reduced complexity model is applied to simulate inland delta forma-5 tion, and results are compared with the Okavango Delta, Botswana and with 6 a laboratory experiment. We show that water loss in inland deltas produces 7 fundamental...

The tailed frog Ascaphus truei Stejneger, 1899 is the most primitive extant anuran and the sister taxon to the clade of all other living frogs. The species occupies two disjunct ranges in the Northwest region of North America: the Cascade Mountains and coastal area from British Columbia to Northern California, and an inland range in the northern Rocky Mountains and the Blue and Wallowa mountain...

Although much work has been conducted on coastal populations of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), less is known about the population dynamics and genetic structure of populations of alligators confined to inland habitats. DNA microsatellite loci, derived from the American alligator, were used to investigate patterns of genetic variation within and between populations of allig...

A computational approach is presented for steady Dupuit interface flow where the aquifer extends below the sea. A detailed approach is outlined to determine the head at the coastline so that the solution below the leaky seabed may be combined with any type of steady Dupuit interface flow in the aquifer below the land. The method allows for any inland boundary condition including specified head ...

Saltwater intrusion widely occurs in coastal areas. Therefore, dissolved salts are the most common contaminants in freshwater in coastal aquifers and this contamination arises from saltwater invasion, caused primarily by human activities due to heavy urbanization. For investigation of the methods of increasing storage of fresh ground water and prevention of seawater encroachment, predicting the...