The significant presence of septum-related ghost peaks, causing interference in routine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses at sample injection port temperatures above 100°C, is demonstrated. A comparative study with commonly employed septa of various types and makes under varying analytical conditions, e.g., injection port temperature, carrier flow rate, capillary column type and ove...

Fluidized beds are used to gasify materials such as coal or biomass in the production of producer gas. Modeling these reactors using computational fluid dynamics is advantageous when performing parametric studies for design and scale-up. While two-dimensional simulations are easier to perform than threedimensional simulations, they may not capture the proper physics. This paper compares twoand ...

We introduce and report recent developments on a novel five port optoelectronic voltage controlled oscillator consisting of a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) optical-waveguide integrated with a laser diode. The RTD-based optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) has both optical and electrical input and output ports, with the fifth port allowing voltage control. The RTD-OEO locks to reference radio-freque...

Hydrogen, as a suitable and clean energy carrier, has been long considered primary fuel or in combination with other conventional fuels such gasoline diesel. Since the density of hydrogen is very low, port fuel-injection configuration, engine’s volumetric efficiency reduces due to replacement by intake air. Therefore, direct in-cylinder injection (injection after valve closes) can be solution f...