objective: to compare side effects between users of two kinds of injectable contraceptives (depo-medroxy progesterone acetate and cyclofem). materials and methods: this cross-sectional descriptive study included 250 women, aged 18-40 years, using depo-medroxy progesterone acetate (dmpa) or cyclofem. the volunteers were examined six months after using contraceptive, and they were asked about fol...

The primary mode of action of local anesthetics is through sodium channel and axonal conduction blockade. Local anesthetics have also extensive effects on pre-synaptic calcium channels that must function to stimulate the release of neurotransmitters. Thus, interference with calcium channel conductance may enhance spinal anesthesia with local anesthetics. The present study was designed to invest...

The primary mode of action of local anesthetics is through sodium channel and axonal conduction blockade. Local anesthetics have also extensive effects on pre-synaptic calcium channels that must function to stimulate the release of neurotransmitters. Thus, interference with calcium channel conductance may enhance spinal anesthesia with local anesthetics. The present study was designed to invest...

This study aimed to illustrate the dose-response relationships of direct scavenging activity amide-based local anesthetics against multiple free radicals in vitro. We have demonstrated that amide-type selectively and directly scavenge some radicals. Three kinds were eliminated by all four examined. Mepivacaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, dibucaine scavenged hydroxyl dose-dependent manners. Ascorby...

BACKGROUND Local anesthetics are an important component of perioperative pain management, but the duration of action of available products is limited. We hypothesized that a single local infiltration of a novel bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension (AT-003) would provide clinically effective analgesia over a 72-h period. In a masked, randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-center pilot field...

Intravenous drugs such as chloral hydrate, pentobarbital, and thiamylal were once commonly used for general anesthesia of horses but were often associated with prolonged or violent recoveries. When inhalant anesthetics such as halothane were introduced in the 1960s, the use of IV drugs for maintenance of anesthesia became less common. In recent years, interest in IV anesthetic techniques has be...

In a well-designed study, Piper et al. demonstrate that the induction of a cortical spreading depression (SD) by a stab wound to the cortex of the cat is dependent on the anesthetic employed. Isoflurane and halothane, commonly used volatile anesthetics in humans, inhibit SD. In contrast, a-chloralose, an injectable anesthetic, permits the induction of SD. The authors suggest that failure to obs...

BACKGROUND Most of what is known regarding the actions of injectable barbiturate anesthetics on the activity of lumbar sensory neurons arises from experiments performed in acute animal preparations that are exposed to invasive surgery and neural depression caused by coadministered inhalational anesthetics. Other parameters such as cortical synchronization and motor ouflow are typically not moni...

In a well-designed study, Piper et al. demonstrate that the induction of a cortical spreading depression (SD) by a stab wound to the cortex of the cat is dependent on the anesthetic employed. Isoflurane and halothane, commonly used volatile anesthetics in humans, inhibit SD. In contrast, a-chloralose, an injectable anesthetic, permits the induction of SD. The authors suggest that failure to obs...