Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Total incidence of AKI in hospitalized patients is 1%-5%. As many as 30% of these patients develop AKI in the perioperative period, which is associated with anesthesia and surgery. Despite scientific advances and improved surgery techniques, as well as treatment in intensive care units, no sig...

Introduction: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare, potentially fatal genetic disorder characterized by increased cellular metabolism of skeletal muscle in response to succinylcholine and certain inhalational anesthetics. The Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States (MHAUS) has established guidelines for the perioperative management of MH-susceptible patients to minimize their r...

Introduction Management of intermediate and long-term (more than 30 60 minutes) anesthetic procedures most commonly involves the use of inhalational anesthetic methods in many species. Over the last 40 years, this has become true also for equine anesthesia. The delivery of anesthetic drugs via the lungs offers some advantages in part caused by the pharmacokinetics of the volatile agents in clin...

Intraoperative evoked potential (EP) monitoring has become a routine part of operative neurosurgical procedures. The theoretical, technical, and clinical aspects of various EPs have been extensively characterized and significant clinical experience has been accumulated with this modality of neuromonitoring. Successful EP monitoring requires an adequate understanding of how anesthetic drugs and ...

Serotonin is an important monoamine to the anesthetist for many reasons. An increase or decrease of serotonin concentration in the brain changes the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of inhalational anesthetics; precipitous release systemically, as in carcinoid syndrome, produces devastating effects on the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. Serotonin is ubiquitous and has many roles in th...

X-ray and neutron diffraction studies of a binary lipid membrane demonstrate that halothane at physiological concentrations produces a pronounced redistribution of lipids between domains of different lipid types identified by different lamellar d-spacings and isotope composition. In contrast, dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (F6), a halogenated nonanesthetic, does not produce such significant effe...