BACKGROUND In 1995 - 1996, we switched from a once-daily Sandimmune dose to a twice-daily dose regimen of Neoral. Concurrent with the switch we changed our target trough level from 100 microg/l at 24 hours to the generally accepted 12-hour level of 150 microg/l. We performed a retrospective cohort study to assess cyclosporine toxicity following this switch and to identify risk factors for nephr...

the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua (hübner) is a serious and economically important pest of solanaceous crops worldwide. the nutritional indices of this pest on three host plants including pepper capsicum frutescens, eggplant solanum melongena and tomato solanum lycopersicum were determined under laboratory conditions at 26 ± 1 °c, 60 ± 5% rh and 16: 8 (l: d) h. the highest relative consumptio...

People can ingest soluble nickel compounds as a normal constituent of food or as a contaminant in drinking water. This paper presents an assessment of the noncancer and cancer human health risks from ingestion of soluble nickel compounds. A reference dose (RfD) of 8 x 10(-3) mg Ni/kg/day in addition to the amount in food was calculated, based on albuminuria in female rats exposed to nickel sulf...

Organophosphate (OP) poisoning is one of the most common causes of poisoning in developing countries especially in Southeastern Asia. Poisoning with phosphorus-containing organic chemicals or OP compounds can be managed with antidotes like oximes which are potential reactivators of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The efficacy of oxime therapy in OP poisoned patients mainly depends upon various fac...

organophosphate (op) poisoning is one of the most common causes of poisoning in developing countries especially in southeastern asia. poisoning with phosphorus-containing organic chemicals or op compounds can be managed with antidotes like oximes which are potential reactivators of acetylcholinesterase (ache). the efficacy of oxime therapy in op poisoned patients mainly depends upon various fac...

Body CT scans are routinely performed using tube-current-modulation (TCM) technology. There is notable variability across CT manufacturers in terms of how TCM technology is implemented. Some manufacturers aim to provide uniform image noise across body regions and patient sizes, whereas others aim to provide lower noise for smaller patients. The purpose of this study was to conduct a theoretical...

For reasons of phantom material reproducibility, the absorbed dose protocols of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) (TG-51) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (TRS-398) have made the use of liquid water as a phantom material for reference dosimetry mandatory. In this work we provide a formal framework for the measurement of absorbed dose to water using ioniz...

A massive amount of radioactive materials has been released into the environment by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, but its biological impacts have rarely been examined. Here, we have quantitatively evaluated the relationship between the dose of ingested radioactive cesium and mortality and abnormality rates using the pale grass blue butterfly, Zizeeria maha. When larvae fr...