J.M. Gonzalez, M. Navarro, C. Puente, J. Romeu and A. Aguasca Measurements: To verify the active region scalability predicted by the numerical simulations, an electromagnetic-field measurementtechnique based on infra-red thermograms was used. 'Infra-red thermography is a technique based on the measurement of the transformation into heat of energy absorbed by a lossy material when an electromagn...

The Coulomb gauge has a long history and many uses. It is especially useful in bound state applications. An important feature of this gauge is that the matter fields have an infra-red finite propagator in an on-shell renormalisation scheme. This is, however, only the case if the renormalisation point is chosen to be the static point on the mass-shell, p = (m, 0, 0, 0). In this letter we show ho...

The infra red 3D mouse is a three dimensional input device to a computer. It works by determining the position of an arbitrary object (like a hand) by emitting infra red signals from a number of locations and measuring the reflected intensities. To maximize stability, robustness, and use of bandwidth, the signals are designed by means of the wavelet and the RudinShapiro transforms. This also al...

Infra-luciferin, an alkene linked analogue of luciferin, gives bioluminescence emission >700 nm and has the potential to be used for multiparametric in vivo imaging. We report here a high yielding, scalable and convergent synthesis of infra-luciferin which will allow the synthesis of other conjugated luciferins for investigation in near-infrared bioluminescence imaging. We demonstrated this pot...

In this paper, the infra-red absorption spectra of a number of crystalline natural estrogens are presented and considered in relation to chemical structure. As a group, the natural estrogens are distinguished chemically from other steroids by the benzenoid structure of Ring A, which gives rise to certain infra-red absorption bands by which their spectra may be differentiated from those of other...

Despite many advances during the last decade in both infra-red sensor and solid state camera technology, until now little headway has been made in the production of cost-effective semiconductor sensor arrays capable of operating far into the infra-red. Old ideas, renewed by the capabilities offered by the latest micromachine technology, may change all this. Reviews the problems associated with ...

Precision gas mixing pumps produce CO(2) gas mixtures for the calibration of infra-red CO(2) gas analyzers equivalent in accuracy to the standard CO(2) gas mixtures (+/- 1%) supplied by the National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C.The calibration of infra-red gas analyzers by the pressure difference method and by concentration differences did not agree. A factor of 0.709 was necessary to ...