Numerous physical and chemical attributes of the host protect against bacterial infection. These defenses include the antibacterial factors in secretions covering mucosal surfaces and rapid rate of replacement of skin and mucosal epithelial cells. Once the surface of the body is penetrated, bacteria encounter an environment virtually devoid of free iron needed for growth, which requires many of...

This review describes eosinophils in the context of their conspicuous presence as part of the memory (i.e., anamnestic) immune response to antigen. We propose a role for eosinophils, along with Antigen Presenting Cells (APC), in the initiation of humoral immune responses to protein antigens by memory T Helper-2 (TH2) cells and memory B lymphocytes. Eosinophils have long been known as a componen...

Abstract Aims: To investigate the effect of Myrtenol, the active ingredient of Myrtle, on the oxidant and anti-oxidant indices and cytokines in the allergic asthma. Methods: Allergic asthma was induced by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and inhalation in four groups of rats; Control, Asthma, Asthma+Dexamethasone and Asthma+Myrtenol. Myrtenol (50mg/kg) or Dexamethasone (2.5mg/kg) was a...

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by excessive production of a variety of autoantibodies and a wide range of clinical manifestations. Pathogenesis of SLE is complex and not fully understood. There is however evidence that B and T cells are critical to the development of disease, and that T cell-derived cytokines are involved in the SLE-associated inflamm...

BACKGROUND Up-regulation of interleukin 17 (IL-17) family cytokines and acute phase response have been observed in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). It has been demonstrated that IL-17 stimulates C-reactive protein (CRP) expression. AIM To determine relationship between circulating concentrations of IL-17 and CRP in CSU. METHODS Concentrations of IL-17 in plasma and CRP in ...

Ligament healing follows a series of complex coordinated events involving various cell types, cytokines, as well as other factors, producing a mechanically inferior tissue more scar-like than native tissue. Macrophages provide an ongoing source of cytokines to modulate inflammatory cell adhesion and migration as well as fibroblast proliferation. Studying interleukins inherent to ligament healin...

The immune system has evolved as a defense mechanism against pathogenic microbes [3]. The immune system is closely connected with the hematologic system since white blood cells are key players in the lymphoid system. Cellular participants in the immune and inflammatory responses include antigen presenting cells and phagocytic cells, such as macrophages. Significant progress has been made recent...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of inflammation in the phenotypic expression of myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). DESIGN Clinical study. SETTING Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. SUBJECTS Twenty-four patients with a single HCM-causing mutation D175N in the α-tropomyosin gene and 17 control subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEAS...

Background: India is one of the nation’s leading in number preterm births (PTB), as reported by WHO. Despite extensive research exact cause PTB remains elusive. The present study was designed to effect inflammatory genes (proinflammatory IL-6 and anti-inflammatory IL-10) etiopathogenesis idiopathic PTB.Methods: Maternal blood placental tissue samples cases (n=263) equal term delivery controls w...

procalcitonin (pct) is a precursor peptide for the hormone calcitonin and is frequently increased in overt sepsis. the aim of this study was to test diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin among patients with positive systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs) in identifying sepsis. in this cross sectional study, from 563 patients with positive sirs admitted through the emergency department of...