OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the wound infection rate among patients undergoing elective gynecologic surgery at a single tertiary care center and to determine the predictive value of various factors that contribute to infection. We further investigated the adequacy of hospital records in documenting infection rates as well as the timing of presentation of wound infections. METHODS The rec...

background: toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite which infects a broad range of hosts. the classical diagnosis of toxoplasmosis relies on serological methods. detection of parasite or its components could be useful tool for early diag­nosis of the infection. methods: fifty mice were infected by the intraperitoneal route with 5000 tachyzoites of t. gondii rh strain. five of them sacrifi...

Subclavian route is a standard way of performing a permanent pacemaker. However in cases with superior vena caval or bilateral subclavian occlusion and bilateral infection of pacemaker site, alternative site is warranted. Epicardial route needs general anesthesia and has its own problems. Iliofemoral route has been used previously but has more lead related problems and patient discomfort. Here ...

Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen which causes mild to life threatening disease in humans. Ingestion of contaminated food delivers the pathogen to the gastrointestinal tract, where it crosses the epithelial barrier and spreads to internal organs. Type I interferons (IFN-I) are produced during infection and decrease host resistance after systemic delivery of L. monocytogenes. Here ...

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious infection of many avian species, mainly chickens and turkeys, with a devastating impact on worldwide poultry production. The ND accounts for heavy losses in Iranian poultry flocks. There are some reports regarding the epidemiology of this infection in Iran. This study was performed to investigate the infection of turkeys with a Newcastle disea...

BACKGROUND Detection of Polyomavirus (PyV) DNA in metropolitan rivers worldwide has led to the suggestion that primary viral infection can occur by the oral route. The aim of this study was to test this notion experimentally. METHODS Mouse PyV (MPyV) was used to infect C57BL/6J mice by the nasal or intragastric route. Viral load kinetics was studied 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days post-infection...