The exchange of wastes, by-products, and energy among closely situated firms is one of the distinctive features of the applications of industrial ecological principles.This at= ticle examines the industrial district at Kalundborg, Denmark, often labeled as an “industrial ecosystem” or “industrial symbiosis” because ofthe many links among the firms.The forces that led to its evolution and to the...

The exchange of wastes, by-products, and energy among closely situated firms is one of the distinctive features of the applications of industrial ecological principles.This at= ticle examines the industrial district at Kalundborg, Denmark, often labeled as an “industrial ecosystem” or “industrial symbiosis” because ofthe many links among the firms.The forces that led to its evolution and to the...

Industrial Symbiosis (IS) is a sub discipline of Industrial Ecology that aims to bring together companies from different sectors to share resources, namely energy, materials, water (Chertow, 2004)(Jacobsen, 2006). The main goal of IS is to improve resource efficiency and lead to environmental benefits to participants. Benefits are generated by the reduced intake of virgin materials, reduced amo...

It is likely that different industrial symbiosis collaborations will have sets of winners and losers when it comes to benefits or costs. In this study we present an analytical framework intended for evaluating a wide-range outcomes aid in research design. The provide base including broader, but also, specific set effects (economic, environmental social), diverse clearly defined actors. Used con...