Diseases characterized by recurrent symptoms with prolonged intervals without any clinical manifestations can pose diagnostic difficulties. Some diagnoses will be obvious but other situations can be very challenging.To nosologically delineate a new entity characterized by recurrent flares of induration of the forearms and legs with swelling of the extremities accompanied by intense fatigue and ...

During November 1993-October 1994 tuberculin skin test reactivity (PPD-Thai Red Cross: 0.1 ml of 10 IU) was determined among 399 asymptomatic HIV-1 positive subjects and 405 healthy volunteers, 10% (40/399) had PPD-TRC induration 0-2 mm compared with 4.2% (17/405) (p = 0.001) and 43.4% (173/399) had induration > or = 10 mm compared with 53.8% (218/405) (p = 0.003) of healthy volunteers. However...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is still an important problem in developing countries. The tuberculin skin test (TST) is used for the identification of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection. This study aimed to evaluate the TST results of healthy employees of different departments in chaharmahal province, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was done on 1,424 healthy employees from 49 different depart...

Purpose: Smear scores and induration sizes resulting from the PPD (tuberculin purified protein derivative) test can serve as indicators of whether a patient suffering from tuberculosis shows smear conversion or not. Methods: Using microbiological methods smear and sputum tests, patients diagnosed as infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis between 2002 and 2015 were included in this study. All ...

I n autologous breast reconstruction after mastec-tomy, fat induration is a rather common complication that causes deep tissue infection, pain, and contracture deformity. Follow-up for fat induration provides important clues after breast reconstruction with an autologous flap because fat induration is the clinical stage before fat necrosis that may lead to the need for corrective surgery. Our u...

Atherosclerosis is a cellular chronic disease characterized by inflammation, lipid deposition, epithelial tissue pathology and Smooth Muscle Cell (SMC) proliferation. The method of inflammation contributes to the progression of induration of the arteries. Many stimuli, like alter oxidized lipoprotein (oxLDL), Tumor necrosis actor alpha (TNFα) or free radicals attributable to smoking, induce a p...