Introduction: Methamphetamine (METH) is a neurotoxic psychostimulant with highly addictive potential that leads to compulsive drug use and vulnerability to relapse. Environmental cues, such as drug exposure, peer influence, and social stress, are the powerful triggers of drug relapse. In  this  study,  we  tried  to  find  out  the effect of acute and chr...

chloroacetaldehyde (caa) is a chlorination by-product in finished drinking water and a toxic metabolite of a wide variety of industrial chemicals (e.g. vinyl chloride) and chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide). in this research, the cytotoxic mechanisms of caa in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were investigated.caa cytotoxicity was associated with reactive oxygen spec...

background: stress may cause damages to dna or/and change the ability of the cells to overcome these damages. it may also cause irregularities in the cell cycle and induce abnormal cell divisions through glucocorticoid-dependent functions. the abnormal cell divisions, in turn, lead to chromosomal mal-segregation and aneuploidy. in this study, the effects of the stress hormone, hydrocortisone (h...

background: high content of phospholipids in testes and epididymis is involved in regulation of spermatogenesis. on the other side, it makes testes susceptible to oxidative stress due to lipid peroxidation, which alters the normal mechanism of spermatogenesis. objective: in the present investigation, antioxidant effects of ethanolic extracts of parsley, lettuce and brahmi were tested against d-...

objective(s):a growing interest has recently been attracted towards the identification of plant-based medications including those with protective effects against cognitive impairment. sesamol has shown promising antioxidant and neuroprotective effects, therefore, we aimed to evaluate its therapeutic potential in epilepsy which is commonly associated with oxidative stress and cognitive impairmen...

stress is a threatening factor that all living organisms encounter throughout life. depending on the type of stress, there are several mechanisms for keeping body homeostasis to minimize stress effects. brain is an organ which shows high sensitivity to stress conditions. although many studies have shown induced-stress effects on rat embryos, little is known about the mechanisms involved in copi...

Background: Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes renal and hepatic injury. It is ‎also believed that oxidative stress has a pivotal role in APAP-induced renal injury. ‎Therefore, protective effects of different antioxidants have been examined in APAP-‎induced renal and hepatic toxicity models. Stevia rebadiana is a plant with a high ‎degree of natural antioxidant activity in its leaf extract. T...

Objective(s): Increasing evidence in both experimental and clinical studies suggests that oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. The aim of the present work is to investigate the protective effects of erythropoietin against cuprizone-induced oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: Adult male C57BL/6J mice were fed a chow containing 0.2 % cuprizone for 6 ...

introduction: in this study, the effect of memantine administration into the nucleus accumbens on the metabolic changes induced by acute stress in female mice was evaluated. methods: intra-accumbens unilateral or bilateral canulation was performed. one week after recovery, a group of animals were given memantine (1, 0.5, and 0.1 μg/mouse) five min before stress induction intra-accumbally, and t...