Motivated by several rulings in United States courts concerning expert testimony in general, and handwriting testimony in particular, we undertook a study to objectively validate the hypothesis that handwriting is individual. Handwriting samples of 1,500 individuals, representative of the U.S. population with respect to gender, age, ethnic groups, etc., were obtained. Analyzing differences in h...

Analysis of handwritten characters (allographs) plays an important role in forensic document examination. However, so far there lacks a comprehensive and quantitative study on individuality of handwritten characters. Based on a large number of handwritten characters extracted from handwriting samples of 1000 individuals in US, the individuality of handwritten characters has been quantitatively ...

Art is regarded as largely individual while science, at least contemporary science, is increasingly the work of large groups. And yet, from time to time a scientist appears who makes an individual mark on the entire enterprise, much like exceptional artists do. One such person was Richard P. Feynman (1918–1988) (1–3 ). Feynman was born in New York and was a mathematical prodigy: his exceptional...

BACKGROUND The ultra-large von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers are very active and must be degraded by ADAMTS13 for optimal activity. A severe functional deficiency of ADAMTS13 has been associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. The correct interpretation of patient vWF and ADAMTS13 plasma levels requires an understanding of the biological variation associated with these analytes. I...