نتایج جستجو برای: individual income
تعداد نتایج: 538047 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
BACKGROUND Food deserts (FD), neighborhoods defined as low-income areas with low access to healthy food, are a public health concern. We evaluated the impact of living in FD on cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) with the hypothesis that people living in FD will have an unfavorable CVD risk profile. We further assessed whether the impact of FD on these measu...
Both the ratios of the labor remuneration and the residents’ income are too low in Chinese national income distribution. In order to resolve this prominent problem, the Chinese authority should attach great importance to the tax adjustment for realizing the positive effect of the distributive justice. Therefore, the objective of the Individual Income Tax reform is to strengthen its function on ...
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects on self rated health of individual income and income distribution in Japan. DESIGN Cross sectional analysis. Data collected on household income, self rated health, and other sociodemographic characteristics at the individual level from comprehensive survey of the living conditions of people on health and welfare in a nationally representative sample from each p...
the focus of this paper is to investigate economic analysis of the relationship between marriage benefits to age at marriage and its duration. economic theory helps to understand that family formation has some benefits that emerge in various aspects. one of the benefits of marriage –such that is observed in literature of family– can be the increase of the income of couples after family formatio...
BACKGROUND A lively public and academic debate has highlighted the potential health risks of living in regions characterized by inequality. Research provides an ambiguous picture, however, with positive association between income equality and health mainly being found on higher levels of geographical division, such as nations, but rarely at local level. METHODS We examined the association bet...
Income Risk, Income Mobility and Welfare This paper develops a framework for the quantitative analysis of individual income dynamics, mobility and welfare. Individual income is assumed to follow a stochastic process with two (unobserved) components, an i.i.d. component representing measurement error or transitory income shocks and an AR(1) component representing persistent changes in income. We...
This paper presents an empirical analysis of the importance of dcomparison incomeT for individual well-being or happiness. In other words, the influence of the income of a reference group on individual well-being is examined. The main novelty is that various hypotheses are tested: the importance of the own income, the relevance of the income of the reference group and of the distance between th...
OBJECTIVE To analyse the association between area income inequality and mortality after adjustment for individual income and other established risk factors. DESIGN Analysis of pooled data from two cohort studies. The relation between income inequality in small areas of residence (parishes) and individual mortality was examined with Cox proportional hazard analyses. SETTING Two population st...
STUDY OBJECTIVE Several studies have reported an association between income inequality and increased mortality, but few have used net income data, controlled for individual income, or evaluated sensitivity to the choice of inequality measure. The study tested the hypotheses that people in regions of Britain with the greatest income inequality would report worse health than those in other region...
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