A sample of 64 2-grandparent, working-class families with a teen and her child under 2 was used to test the hypotheses that grandmothers have a direct influence on their grandchild and that grandparents also have an indirect effect on the young child through their influence on the teen's nurturance and perceptions of family support. Hypotheses were based on research concerning fathers, our prev...

In Dung’s argumentation system, acceptable sets of arguments are defined as sets of arguments that attack all their attackers, and that do not contain any direct contradiction. However, in many applications, the presence of indirect contradictions should prevent a set from being acceptable. The family of prudent semantics has been proposed as an answer to this problem. We are interested in this...

search.) If there are no articles within the AC intersection, an intriguing question arises as to whether there might exist implicit or indirect connections between A and C based, for example, on an intermediate literature (B) for which both an AB relationship and a BC relationship have already been separately reported, but perhaps not considered together. It is usually pointless or at least in...

— ICT is known to have three orders of impact: direct, indirect and systemic. The first is often regarded as 'part of the problem', the latter two can also be 'part of the solution' to reduce the global environmental impact of human activities. A number of studies show that the impact of ICT itself is roughly 2%, whereas smart use of ICT can reduce the impact of other sectors by up to 16%. Howe...

Three experiments demonstrated that the use and effectiveness of self-presentation strategies are affected by time. In Experiment 1, participants used more indirect self-presentation statements for the distant than near future, but used more direct self-presentation statements for the near than distant future. In Experiment 2, participants for whom indirect self-presentation strategies were mad...

This study examines how Japanese students perceive the qualities of written arguments that were constructed to have different forms. Based on the theoretical dimensions of verbal communication styles that Gudykunst and Ting-Toomey proposed, the research questions asked whether the respondents would perceive direct arguments to be of higher quality than indirect arguments. They also asked whethe...

Indirect Exporters are defined as firms exporting through a trade intermediary. Despite numerous recent appearances in theoretical work, empirical evidence comparing these firms to uniquely domestic firms and Direct Exporters does not exist. I show that in Eastern Europe these firms do, as predicted by the theoretical literature, lie between domestic firms and Direct Exporters for a range of pe...