Yanai and coauthors utilized the meteorological data collected from a sounding network to present a pioneering work in 1973 on thermodynamic budgets, which are referred to as the apparent heat source (Q1) and apparent moisture sink (Q2). Latent heating (LH) is one of the most dominant terms in Q1. Yanai’s paper motivated the development of satellite-based LH algorithms and provided a theoretica...

Ground-based and TRMM precipitation radars provide a complementary view: the Ground-based Radar (GR) measures rain from a lateral direction, while the TRMM radar sees it from the top. There are enormous differences between these two instruments. Mention can be made of the different operation frequencies, sampling volumes, geometrical viewing angles, attenuation, sensitivity and times of acquisi...

This paper describes improvements to the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) land rainfall algorithm in version 7 (v7) of the TRMM data products. The correlations between rain rates and TMI 85-GHz brightness temperatures (Tb) for convective and stratiform rain are generated using 7 years of collocated TMI and TRMM precipitation radar (PR) data. The TMI algorithm ...

あらまし 熱帯降雨観測衛星(TRMM:Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)は,1997年 11月 28日に打 ち上げられて以来,現在に至るまで,約 10 年以上も順調に,熱帯・亜熱帯降雨の観測を継続している.TRMM は,世界で初めてのアクティブフェイズドアレー方式の降雨レーダ(PR)を搭載しており,台風などをはじめ とする様々な降雨システムの三次元構造の観測にその威力を発揮してきた.論文では,TRMM 衛星のミッショ ンの目的,搭載センサの概要,TRMM降雨レーダシステムの概念設計時の諸検討,TRMM降雨レーダシステ ムの概要,TRMM降雨レーダデータ解析処理アルゴリズムシステム,様々な観測成果(台風,潜熱加熱など), TRMMを継承する全球降水観測計画(GPM:Global Precipitation Measurement)主衛星搭載 2周波...

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite has provided invaluable data for tropical cyclone (TC) research since December 1997. The challenge, however, is how to analyze and efficiently utilize all of the information from several instruments on TRMM that observe the same target. In this study, a tropical cyclone precipitation, cloud, and convective cell feature (TCPF) database has...

Using satellite measurements in microwave bands to retrieve precipitation over land requires proper discrimination of the weak rainfall signals from strong and highly variable background Earth surface emissions. Traditionally, land retrieval methods rely on a weak signal of rainfall scattering on high-frequency channels and make use of empirical thresholding and regression-based techniques. Bec...

Spaceborne precipitation radars are powerful tools used to acquire adequate and highquality precipitation estimates with high spatial resolution for a variety of applications in hydrological research. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, which deployed the first spaceborne Kaand Ku-dual frequency radar (DPR), was launched in February 2014 as the upgraded successor of the Tropical...

A methodology is described to construct fully parametric rainfall retrieval algorithms for a variety of passive microwave sensors that exist today and are planned for the future. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) is used to retrieve nonraining geophysical parameters. The method then blends these background geophysical parameters with three-dimensional precipi...

This study quantitatively estimated the precipitation associated with a typhoon in the northwestern Pacific Ocean by using a physical algorithm which included the Weather Research and Forecasting model, Radiative Transfer for TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder model, and data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)/TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and TRMM/Precipitation Radar (PR). First...

Remote sensing allows for the continuous and repetitive measurement of rainfall values. Satellite rainfall products such as Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) 3B42 and the Hydroestimator (Hydroe) can be potential sources of data for hydrologic applications, mainly in areas with irregular and sparse spatial distributions of traditional rain gauge stations. However, the accuracy of thes...