Artificial intelligence systems, which are designed with a capability to learn from the data presented them, used throughout society. These systems screen loan applicants, make sentencing recommendations for criminal defendants, scan social media posts disallowed content and more. Because these don't assign meaning their complex learned correlation network, they can associations that equate cau...

N ew quality and safety agendas have emerged in health care at the beginning of the 21st century. Although the goals of these agendas are lofty and broad, they include providing safe, cost-effective care, eliminating waste and providing treatments that prolong and improve quality of life. Our job, as stewards of antimicrobials, is closely intertwined with these agendas. Antibiotics are life sav...

This paper analyses Robert Alexy’s explicative-existential justification of human rights. The author identifies several problems that are associated with it. An analysis explicative argument suggests it cannot cope the transition from facts to norms. Notably, this does not explain why its requirements be overruled by some other moral reason (for example, utility principle). answer Alexy offers ...

Arguments are presented that paintings are unable to induce basic psychobiological emotions because they do not powerfully engage with spectators’ intimate associativememory systems. However, it is suggested that art installations containing properties subsumable under the classical concept of the sublime (physical grandeur, rarity, novelty, an association with beauty and with biologically sign...

This paper critically examines Jerry Fodor’s latest attacks on evolutionary psychology. Contra Leda Cosmides and John Tooby, Fodor argues (i) there is no reason to think that human cognition is a Darwinian adaptation in the first place, and (ii) there is no valid inference from adaptationism about the mind to massive modularity. However, Fodor maintains (iii) that there is a valid inference in ...

In his magnum opus, The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini mirrors the misery and dehumanization of indefensible Hazaras, an ethnic group Afghanistan. novel illustrates pathetic conditions Hazaras as a subaltern minority in background political turmoil As marginalized people, they endure both physical psychological oppression imposed by Pashtuns, who believe themselves superior consider others. Thoug...

Abstract Philosophers sometimes give arguments that presuppose the following principle: two theories can fail to be empirically equivalent on sole basis they present different “thick” metaphysical pictures of world. Recently, a version this principle has been invoked respond argument composite objects are dispensable our best scientific theories. This response claims empirical evidence distingu...