Event-related potential (ERP) studies of working memory have used delayed S1-S2 match-to-sample tasks in which S1 is held in memory for comparison with S2. ERP negativities in the S1-S2 interval have been interpreted either in terms of working memory operations, or in terms of general preparatory motor processing. Two experiments (N = 20 each) were carried out to explore the nature of ERP negat...

A M O N G the mechanisms restricting the flow of genes between discrete populations of plants, unilateral incompatibility (UI) is unique in that one of the reciprocal crossing combinations succeeds whereas the other fails. The term unilateral incompatibility is generally restricted to a phenomenon thought to be closely related to self-incompatibility (SI), for it occurs in matings of self-ferti...

The frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection in population can depend on the organism resistance, genetic condition, and bacterial strains virulence. A vacA gene, of mosaic structure, which encodes vacuolating cytotoxin is one of the known genes of H. pylori. The existence of several different genotypes of s and m regions enables the formation of numerous combinations of vacA gene genome. The...

When two successive, spatially overlapping, targets (S1 and S2) are presented on a blank background, S2 typically dominates in explicit perception. We tested whether S2 dominance is also found for the conditions of presenting S1 and S2 in a stream of irrelevant objects. Successive target letters were presented within a stream of invariant stimulus items (capital Is). The stream items were prese...

It is well known that jointly measurable observables cannot lead to a violation of any Bell inequality--independent of the state and the measurements chosen at the other site. In this Letter we prove the converse: every pair of incompatible quantum observables enables the violation of a Bell inequality and therefore must remain incompatible within any other no-signaling theory. While in the cas...

Stem cell criteria Stem cells are defined as undifferentiated somatic cells having the ability to produce varieties of fully-differentiated progenies in response to the appropriate environment either in vitro or in vivo (1). Nowadays, at least four criteria are considered for cells to be known as stem cells. Stem cells should have the ability to undergo extensive proliferation for a long time. ...